Mitchell S L, Epstein L H
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213, USA.
Physiol Behav. 1996 Aug;60(2):495-9. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9384(96)80024-2.
Stress has been shown to increase food consumption in women with high levels of dietary restraint (restrainers) but decrease consumption in nonrestrainers. The present study was designed to replicate the differential eating pattern following stress and measure physiological and subjective responses to food over repeated taste presentations. Restrained (N = 16) and nonrestrained (N = 16) women were given eight taste presentations of a food followed by an ad lib taste test. Between taste trials, half of the restrainers and nonrestrainers performed a variation of the Stroop stressor while remaining subjects sat quietly. Salivation to the food cue was measured at each trial as well as ratings of food liking, hunger, fullness, and arousal. Results showed significant effects of restraint on food liking and stress condition on hunger. Restrainers increased liking ratings over taste trials whereas ratings for nonrestrainers increased and then decreased to baseline levels by the last trial (p = 0.05). Nonstressed subjects showed an increase in hunger ratings, whereas ratings for stressed subjects did not show any stable directional pattern (p = 0.04). Salivary responses decreased for all groups (p = 0.01). A significant interaction of restraint by stress for intake was found (p = 0.03); restrainers increased consumption following stress whereas nonrestrainers decreased consumption as compared with controls. The data suggest that the Stroop task can influence intake in restrainers, but the changes in intake did not directly correspond to the changes observed during the presentations of the taste cues and stressor.
研究表明，压力会使饮食控制水平较高的女性（即节食者）的食物摄入量增加，但会使非节食者的食物摄入量减少。本研究旨在重复压力后的不同饮食模式，并测量在多次品尝食物过程中对食物的生理和主观反应。对16名节食女性和16名非节食女性进行了八次某种食物的品尝，随后进行随意品尝测试。在品尝试验之间，一半的节食者和非节食者进行了一种变异的斯特鲁普应激源任务，而其余受试者安静地坐着。每次试验都测量了对食物线索的唾液分泌情况以及对食物喜好、饥饿、饱腹感和唤醒程度的评分。结果显示，节食对食物喜好有显著影响，压力状况对饥饿感有显著影响。在品尝试验中，节食者的喜好评分增加，而非节食者的评分先增加，到最后一次试验时降至基线水平（p = 0.05）。无压力的受试者饥饿评分增加，而有压力的受试者评分未呈现任何稳定的变化趋势（p = 0.04）。所有组的唾液反应均下降（p = 0.01）。发现节食与压力对摄入量有显著的交互作用（p = 0.03）；与对照组相比，节食者在压力后摄入量增加，而非节食者摄入量减少。数据表明，斯特鲁普任务会影响节食者的摄入量，但摄入量的变化与品尝线索和应激源呈现过程中观察到的变化并不直接对应。
