Epstein L H, Mitchell S L, Caggiula A R
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2593.
Physiol Behav. 1993 Mar;53(3):593-7. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(93)90158-c.
We have previously shown that salivation to the same food habituates, and recovers after presenting novel nontaste stimuli. This study assessed the effects of environmental stimuli that differentially influence subjective and autonomic arousal on dishabituation of salivation. Thirty female subjects were preloaded on a lemon yogurt milkshake and habituated to seven presentations of lemon juice. Prior to the eighth presentation of juice, subjects were presented an engaging video game designed to produce subjective but no autonomic arousal (LO), a video game plus mental arithmetic stressor, designed to produce both subjective and physiological arousal (HI), or a no stimuli (REST) control. Significant dishabituating effects of HI versus REST were shown for salivation. Heart rate was significantly higher during the dishabituator for HI than LO or REST conditions, which were equal. Finally, significant differences in arousal were shown between each of the three conditions. These results show salivation can be differentially dishabituated by nonfood stimuli, and these stimuli influence salivation without influencing subjective hunger or hedonics.
我们之前已经表明，对同一种食物的唾液分泌会产生习惯化，并在呈现新的非味觉刺激后恢复。本研究评估了对主观和自主唤醒有不同影响的环境刺激对唾液分泌去习惯化的作用。30名女性受试者先饮用柠檬酸奶奶昔，并对柠檬汁的七次呈现产生习惯化。在第八次呈现果汁之前，向受试者展示一款旨在产生主观但无自主唤醒的引人入胜的电子游戏（低唤醒组）、一款加上心算应激源的电子游戏，旨在产生主观和生理唤醒（高唤醒组），或无刺激（休息组）对照。结果显示，高唤醒组与休息组相比，唾液分泌有显著的去习惯化效应。在高唤醒组的去习惯化刺激期间，心率显著高于低唤醒组或休息组，而后两组的心率相等。最后，三种条件之间在唤醒方面均显示出显著差异。这些结果表明，非食物刺激可使唾液分泌产生不同程度的去习惯化，并且这些刺激在不影响主观饥饿感或享乐感的情况下影响唾液分泌。
