Muir B M, Moray N
Ergonomics. 1996 Mar;39(3):429-60. doi: 10.1080/00140139608964474.
Two experiments are reported which examined operators' trust in and use of the automation in a simulated supervisory process control task. Tests of the integrated model of human trust in machines proposed by Muir (1994) showed that models of interpersonal trust capture some important aspects of the nature and dynamics of human-machine trust. Results showed that operators' subjective ratings of trust in the automation were based mainly upon their perception of its competence. Trust was significantly reduced by any sign of incompetence in the automation, even one which had no effect on overall system performance. Operators' trust changed very little with experience, with a few notable exceptions. Distrust in one function of an automatic component spread to reduce trust in another function of the same component, but did not generalize to another independent automatic component in the same system, or to other systems. There was high positive correlation between operators' trust in and use of the automation; operators used automation they trusted and rejected automation they distrusted, preferring to do the control task manually. There was an inverse relationship between trust and monitoring of the automation. These results suggest that operators' subjective ratings of trust and the properties of the automation which determine their trust, can be used to predict and optimize the dynamic allocation of functions in automated systems.
本文报告了两项实验，它们研究了在模拟的监督过程控制任务中，操作员对自动化的信任及使用情况。对缪尔（1994年）提出的人机信任综合模型的测试表明，人际信任模型捕捉到了人机信任的本质和动态变化的一些重要方面。结果显示，操作员对自动化的主观信任评级主要基于他们对其能力的感知。自动化中任何能力不足的迹象都会显著降低信任，即使这对整体系统性能没有影响。除了一些显著的例外情况，操作员的信任随经验变化很小。对自动组件某一功能的不信任会蔓延，导致对同一组件另一功能的信任降低，但不会扩展到同一系统中的另一个独立自动组件，也不会扩展到其他系统。操作员对自动化的信任和使用之间存在高度正相关；操作员使用他们信任的自动化，拒绝他们不信任的自动化，更愿意手动执行控制任务。信任与对自动化的监控之间存在反比关系。这些结果表明，操作员的主观信任评级以及决定他们信任的自动化特性，可用于预测和优化自动化系统中功能的动态分配。
