Billat V, Faina M, Sardella F, Marini C, Fanton F, Lupo S, Faccini P, de Angelis M, Koralsztein J P, Dalmonte A
Laboratoire STAPS, Université Paris XII, Créteil, France.
Ergonomics. 1996 Feb;39(2):267-77. doi: 10.1080/00140139608964457.
A recent study has shown the reproducibility of time to exhaustion (time limit: tlim) at the lowest velocity that elicits the maximal oxygen consumption (vVO2 max). The same study found an inverse relationship between this time to exhaustion at vVO2 max and vVO2 max among 38 élite long-distance runners (Billat et al. 1994b). The purpose of the present study was to compare the time to exhaustion at the power output (or velocity) at VO2 max for different values of VO2 max, depending on the type of exercise and not only on the aerobic capacity. The time of exhaustion at vVO2 max (tlim) has been measured among 41 élite (national level) sportsmen: 9 cyclists, 9 kayak paddlers, 9 swimmers and 14 runners using specific ergometers. Velocity or power at VO2 max (vVO2 max) was determined by continuous incremental testing. This protocol had steps of 2 min and increments of 50 W, 30 W, 0.05 m s-1 and 2 km-1 for cyclists, kayak paddlers, swimmers and runners, respectively. One week later, tlim was determined under the same conditions. After a warm-up of 10 min at 60% of their vVO2 max, subjects were concluded (in less than 45 s) to their vVO2 max and then had to sustain it as long as possible until exhaustion. Mean values of vVO2 max and tlim were respectively equal to 419 +/- 49 W (tlim = 222 +/- 91 s), 239 +/- 56 W (tlim = 376 +/- 134 s), 1.46 +/- 0.09 m s-1 (tlim = 287 +/- 160 s) and 22.4 +/- 0.8 km h-1 (tlim = 321 +/- 84 s), for cyclists, kayak paddlers, swimmers and runners. Time to exhaustion at vVO2 max was only significantly different between cycling and kayaking (ANOVA test, p < 0.05). Otherwise, VO2 max (expressed in ml min-1 kg-1) was significantly different between all sports except between cycling and running (p < 0.05). In this study, time to exhaustion at vVO2 max was also inversely related to VO2 max for the entire group of élite sportsmen (r = -0.320, p < 0.05, n = 41). The inverse relationship between VO2 max and tlim at vVO2 max has to be explained, it seems that tlim depends on VO2 max regardless of the type of exercise undertaken.
最近的一项研究表明，在引发最大摄氧量（vVO2 max）的最低速度下，力竭时间（时间限制：tlim）具有可重复性。同一研究发现，在38名精英长跑运动员中，vVO2 max时的力竭时间与vVO2 max之间存在负相关关系（比拉特等人，1994b）。本研究的目的是比较不同vVO2 max值下，在VO2 max时的功率输出（或速度）下的力竭时间，这取决于运动类型，而不仅仅取决于有氧能力。在41名精英（国家级）运动员中测量了vVO2 max时的力竭时间（tlim）：9名自行车运动员、9名皮划艇运动员、9名游泳运动员和14名跑步运动员，使用了特定的测力计。通过连续递增测试确定VO2 max时的速度或功率（vVO2 max）。该方案的步骤为2分钟，自行车运动员、皮划艇运动员、游泳运动员和跑步运动员的递增幅度分别为50瓦、30瓦、0.05米/秒和2千米/小时。一周后，在相同条件下确定tlim。在以其vVO2 max的60%进行10分钟的热身之后，受试者在不到45秒的时间内达到其vVO2 max，然后必须尽可能长时间地维持该强度直至力竭。自行车运动员、皮划艇运动员、游泳运动员和跑步运动员的vVO2 max和tlim的平均值分别等于419±49瓦（tlim = 222±91秒）、239±56瓦（tlim = 376±134秒）、1.46±0.09米/秒（tlim = 287±160秒）和22.4±0.8千米/小时（tlim = 321±84秒）。vVO2 max时的力竭时间仅在自行车运动和皮划艇运动之间存在显著差异（方差分析测试，p < 0.05）。否则，除了自行车运动和跑步运动之间外，所有运动之间的VO2 max（以毫升/分钟·千克-1表示）存在显著差异（p < 0.05）。在本研究中，对于整个精英运动员群体，vVO2 max时的力竭时间也与VO2 max呈负相关（r = -0.320，p < 0.05，n = 41）。必须解释VO2 max与vVO2 max时的tlim之间的负相关关系，似乎tlim取决于VO2 max，而与所进行的运动类型无关。
