Stohs S J
School of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 1995;6(3-4):205-28. doi: 10.1515/jbcpp.1995.6.3-4.205.
Free radicals are defined as atoms or molecules that contain one or more unpaired electrons. The toxicity of many xenobiotics is associated with the metabolic activation of foreign compounds to form free radicals or with the production of reactive oxygen species as superoxide anion, hydroxyl radicals or hydrogen peroxide which are responsible for the tissue damaging effects as lipid peroxidation, and DNA and protein damage. Oxidative stress associated with production of reactive oxygen species is believed to be involved not only in the toxicity of xenobiotics but also in the pathophysiology of aging, and various age-related diseases, including cataracts, atherosclerosis, neoplastic diseases, diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, aging of skin, diseases associated with cartilage, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurologic disorders. The cellular sources of free radicals and reactive oxygen species, the biological targets of free radicals, and clinical conditions which are associated with free radical production and tissue damage are reviewed. In addition, potential therapeutic approaches to the prevention of free radical damage are considered. Free radical-induced injury can explain many clinical conditions.
自由基被定义为含有一个或多个未配对电子的原子或分子。许多外源性物质的毒性与外来化合物的代谢活化以形成自由基或与活性氧的产生有关，如超氧阴离子、羟基自由基或过氧化氢，它们是造成脂质过氧化、DNA和蛋白质损伤等组织损伤效应的原因。与活性氧产生相关的氧化应激不仅被认为与外源性物质的毒性有关，还与衰老的病理生理学以及各种与年龄相关的疾病有关，包括白内障、动脉粥样硬化、肿瘤性疾病、糖尿病、糖尿病视网膜病变、胃肠道慢性炎症性疾病、皮肤老化、与软骨相关的疾病、阿尔茨海默病和其他神经系统疾病。本文综述了自由基和活性氧的细胞来源、自由基的生物学靶点以及与自由基产生和组织损伤相关的临床情况。此外，还考虑了预防自由基损伤的潜在治疗方法。自由基诱导的损伤可以解释许多临床情况。
