Tuomilehto J, Karvonen M, Padaiga Z, Tuomilehto-Wolf E, Kohtamäki K
Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
Horm Metab Res. 1996 Jul;28(7):340-3. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-979810.
Great spatial variation in the incidence of IDDM is found among countries around the Baltic Sea, a relative small area on the global scale. We present recent data on IDDM incidence from countries around the Baltic Sea, monthly variation and time trends in incidence from the early 1980s to the early 1990s. The change in IDDM incidence was calculated from logarithms of incidence using linear regression. The incidence was high in the countries to the north and west from the Baltic Sea, being the highest in Finland (35 per 100,000/year) followed by Sweden (26), Denmark (22) and Norway (21). In the countries on the eastern and southern coast of the Baltic Sea the incidence was markedly lower, in Estonia the incidence (10) was the highest within these countries, though slightly less than one third of that in Finland, while it was in Lithuania 7, Latvia 7 and Poland 6. There was an increasing trend in incidence of IDDM in Finland, Norway and Poland. In Sweden the incidence increased from 1978 to 1984, but since then the trend has been flat. In Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, no significant change in incidence was seen. The reasons for large differences observed in the incidence of IDDM between countries around the Baltic Sea area are unknown, but a complex interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors that can vary in different ethnic, socio-economic and cultural settings play an important role in this variation.
在波罗的海周边国家发现了1型糖尿病发病率的巨大空间差异，而波罗的海地区在全球范围内是一个相对较小的区域。我们展示了波罗的海周边国家1型糖尿病发病率的最新数据、发病率的月度变化以及从20世纪80年代初到90年代初发病率的时间趋势。1型糖尿病发病率的变化通过使用线性回归从发病率的对数计算得出。波罗的海以北和以西的国家发病率较高，芬兰最高（每年每10万人中有35例），其次是瑞典（26例）、丹麦（22例）和挪威（21例）。在波罗的海东部和南部沿海国家，发病率明显较低，爱沙尼亚的发病率（10例）在这些国家中最高，尽管略低于芬兰的三分之一，而立陶宛为7例，拉脱维亚为7例，波兰为6例。芬兰、挪威和波兰的1型糖尿病发病率呈上升趋势。瑞典的发病率从1978年到1984年有所上升，但从那以后趋势平稳。在爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚和立陶宛，发病率没有明显变化。波罗的海地区各国1型糖尿病发病率存在巨大差异的原因尚不清楚，但在不同种族、社会经济和文化背景下可能不同的遗传和环境风险因素之间的复杂相互作用在这种差异中起着重要作用。
