Soinila S, Vanhatalo S, Lumme A, Băck N, Soinila J
Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Microsc Res Tech. 1996 Sep 1;35(1):32-43. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19960901)35:1<32::AID-JEMT4>3.0.CO;2-U.
This article reviews the neuroanatomical studies on the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in neurons and nerve fibers innervating the submandibular gland. Specificity of NADPH-diaphorase activity as a histochemical marker of neuronal NOS is discussed in light of corresponding NOS immunoreactivity. Anatomical data suggest that nitric oxide may affect neural regulation of the submandibular gland through both sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory divisions of the autonomic nervous system. NOS-containing nerve terminals in the gland parenchyme are mainly vascular and either parasympathetic and/or sensory in nature, while sympathetic terminals lack NOS. Most postganglionic parasympathetic neurons are intensely NOS-immunoreactive. Some of the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons show vague reactivity, while their terminals in the submandibular ganglia stain heavily. The postganglionic sympathetic neurons normally show only barely visible reactivity, while manipulations interrupting axonal continuity increase neuronal NOS content. A subpopulation of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons and their terminals are intensely reactive. The observations summarized here suggest that nitric oxide participates in the control of blood flow through the gland, while direct effect on secretion is unlikely.
本文综述了关于一氧化氮合酶（NOS）在支配下颌下腺的神经元和神经纤维中分布的神经解剖学研究。根据相应的NOS免疫反应性，讨论了NADPH - 黄递酶活性作为神经元NOS组织化学标志物的特异性。解剖学数据表明，一氧化氮可能通过自主神经系统的交感、副交感和感觉分支影响下颌下腺的神经调节。腺实质中含NOS的神经末梢主要是血管性的，本质上是副交感和/或感觉性的，而交感神经末梢缺乏NOS。大多数节后副交感神经元具有强烈的NOS免疫反应性。一些节前副交感神经元显示出模糊的反应性，而它们在下颌下神经节中的末梢染色很深。节后交感神经元通常仅显示出几乎不可见的反应性，而中断轴突连续性的操作会增加神经元NOS含量。一部分节前交感神经元及其末梢具有强烈的反应性。这里总结的观察结果表明，一氧化氮参与了通过腺体的血流控制，而对分泌的直接影响不太可能。
