Ultrastructure of the surface structures and electron immunogold labeling of peptide immunoreactivity in the nervous system of Pseudothoracocotyla indica (Polyopisthocotylea: Monogenea).

Transmission electron microscope studies of the tegument of the tropical marine fish monogenean parasite Pseudothoracocotyla indica describe surface specialisations and detail the ultrastructure of the tegument and the haptor. The tegument consists of a syncytium, numerous electron-dense granules, electron-lucent vesicles and large multivesicular bodies. The posterior tegumental syncytium is infolded to form tegumental ridges that are present on both the ventral and dorsal surfaces. A thin coat of glycocalyx is present on the tegument surface. In contrast, the tegumental syncytium of the haptor is relatively thin, containing electron-dense granules and various-sized electron-lucent vesicles. Exocytosis of the electron-dense and electron-lucent vesicles apparently occurs in the syncytium of the haptor and general body surface. Tegumental damage was observed on the dorsal surface in the mid-body region and may possibly have been due to natural mechanical forces. The haptor consists of electron-dense clamp sclerites embedded within a matrix covered by the tegumental syncytium. The sclerites are connected to each other and to the basal lamina by radially oriented muscle fibres. The haptor is richly supplied with non-myelinated nerve axons. Both uniciliated and non-ciliated presumed sensory structures are present on the body surface and haptor. Uniciliated sensory structures were found mainly around the oral sucker. Groups of neurons and nerve processes containing neurosecretory vesicles were frequently observed in the vicinity of the clamps. Electron immunogold labelling studies demonstrated that neuropeptide F [NPF (Moniezia expansa)] immunoreactivity was confined to electron-dense-cored neurosecretory vesicles in nerve fibres from the posterior and haptor regions of the fluke.