de Bentzmann S, Plotkowski C, Puchelle E
INSERM U 314, URCA, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Reims, France.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Oct;154(4 Pt 2):S155-62. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/154.4_Pt_2.S155.
In the normal respiratory tract, the airway epithelial surface is protected from pathogenic bacterial colonization by the mucociliary clearance. The mucins present in the gel mucus layer exhibit a high diversity of carbohydrate receptors that allow specific bacterial recognition followed by bacterial and mucus elimination. As soon as the mucociliary clearance mechanism is impaired, the bacterial attachment to mucins in association with mucus stasis represent critical pathways for bacterial colonization of the airway epithelium. Several sources of injury may damage the epithelial integrity and induce partial or complete epithelial shedding, exposing cellular receptors and unmasked extracellular matrix (ECM) components that can be recognized by bacterial adhesins. Laminin and type I and IV collagens represent sites of Pseudomonas aeruginosa attachment to the ECM components. During airway epithelium repair after injury, particularly in cystic fibrosis (CF), the repairing cells exhibit apical receptors such as asialylated gangliosides (asialo GM1) to which P. aeruginosa adheres. The identification of the different receptors for P. aeruginosa, present either on the ECM proteins or on the apical surface of the remodeled airway epithelium, particularly in repairing respiratory CF epithelial cells, is a prerequisite to further therapeutic strategies to prevent airway colonization by P. aeruginosa.
在正常呼吸道中，气道上皮表面通过黏液纤毛清除系统免受致病性细菌定植。凝胶黏液层中存在的黏蛋白具有高度多样的碳水化合物受体，可实现特定细菌识别，随后清除细菌和黏液。一旦黏液纤毛清除机制受损，细菌与黏液黏附并伴随黏液淤滞，就成为气道上皮细菌定植的关键途径。多种损伤源可能破坏上皮完整性，导致部分或完全上皮脱落，暴露出可被细菌黏附素识别的细胞受体和未被掩盖的细胞外基质（ECM）成分。层粘连蛋白以及Ⅰ型和Ⅳ型胶原是铜绿假单胞菌附着于ECM成分的位点。在损伤后的气道上皮修复过程中，尤其是在囊性纤维化（CF）患者中，修复细胞会呈现顶端受体，如唾液酸化神经节苷脂（脱唾液酸GM1），铜绿假单胞菌可附着于此。识别铜绿假单胞菌在ECM蛋白上或重塑气道上皮顶端表面（特别是在修复中的CF呼吸道上皮细胞）存在的不同受体，是进一步制定预防铜绿假单胞菌气道定植治疗策略的前提条件。
