Himmelmann K, Himmelmann A, Niklasson A, Svensson A
Department of Pediatrics, Mölndal Hospital, Göteborg University, Sweden.
Blood Press. 1996 Sep;5(5):278-84. doi: 10.3109/08037059609078060.
Low birth weight and high placental weight are associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Children born after hypertensive pregnancies have higher blood pressure than children born after normotensive pregnancies. Hypertension in pregnancy is considered a major risk factor for intrauterine growth retardation. The present study describes size at birth and perinatal characteristics in children born after hypertensive pregnancies. During five consecutive years 17,000 deliveries took place in the well defined geographic area of eastern Göteborg. Hypertension in pregnancy complicated 261 pregnancies. For comparison 260 normotensive pregnancies, matched for maternal age and time of delivery, were used. Standard deviation score for birth weight and length were calculated according to reference standards for birth weight (BWSDS) and length (BLSDS) based on all Swedish births 1977-1981 (n = 475,588). Children born after hypertensive pregnancies had lower birth weight, were shorter and had a shorter gestational period as compared with children born after normotensive pregnancies. Head circumference and placental weight did not differ and there were no significant differences in BWSDS. It is concluded that hypertensive pregnancies are characterized by lower birth weight and shorter gestational period. However, intrauterine growth retardation is not a general characteristic of hypertension in pregnancy.
低出生体重和高胎盘重量与心血管疾病发病率和死亡率增加相关。高血压妊娠后出生的儿童比血压正常妊娠后出生的儿童血压更高。妊娠期高血压被认为是宫内生长迟缓的主要危险因素。本研究描述了高血压妊娠后出生儿童的出生时大小和围产期特征。在连续五年中，哥德堡东部定义明确的地理区域内发生了17000例分娩。妊娠期高血压使261例妊娠复杂化。为作比较，使用了260例血压正常的妊娠，这些妊娠在产妇年龄和分娩时间上进行了匹配。根据1977 - 1981年瑞典所有出生人口（n = 475588）的出生体重（BWSDS）和身长（BLSDS）参考标准，计算出生体重和身长的标准差分数。与血压正常妊娠后出生的儿童相比，高血压妊娠后出生的儿童出生体重更低、更矮且妊娠期更短。头围和胎盘重量没有差异，BWSDS也没有显著差异。结论是，高血压妊娠的特点是出生体重低和妊娠期短。然而，宫内生长迟缓并非妊娠期高血压的普遍特征。
