Abbott J
Soc Secur Bull. 1977 Jul;40(7):16-42.
This article compares several characteristics of the black and white population aged 60 and older in March 1972. To distinguish race from economic-status effects the population is divided into quintiles of elderly units ranked by size of money income, and comparisons of selected demographic and economic characteristics are made within and across quintiles. Differences between social security beneficiaries and nonbeneficiaries are also analyzed to ascertain the effects of social security benefits. The educational and occupational disadvantages of blacks were evident even at the highest income level--a status more likely to be achieved by married black couples with both spouses working. Black elderly units were less likely than whites to have social security benefits, other government or private pensions, or income from assets. They were generally more likely to have earned income or to receive public assistance payments.
本文比较了1972年3月60岁及以上黑人和白人人口的几个特征。为了区分种族和经济地位的影响，将人口按货币收入规模分为老年单位的五等份，并在各五等份内及之间对选定的人口和经济特征进行比较。还分析了社会保障受益人和非受益人之间的差异，以确定社会保障福利的影响。黑人在教育和职业方面的劣势即使在最高收入水平也很明显——这种地位更有可能由夫妻双方都工作的已婚黑人夫妇获得。黑人老年单位比白人获得社会保障福利、其他政府或私人养老金或资产收入的可能性更小。他们通常更有可能有劳动收入或领取公共援助金。
