Grad S, Foster K
Soc Secur Bull. 1979 Jul;42(7):16-32.
This article inaugurates a biennial series of reports on the income of persons aged 55 and older. The survey on which it is based updates information on the broad economic picture for a cross-section of this population and forms the basis for an analysis of trends in the financial status of the group as a whole. In 1976, persons aged 55--61 were generally working full-time, not receiving income from pensions, and married. Those aged 73 and older were predominantly not working, mostly recipients of retirement pensions, and likely to be widows. Most persons aged 65 and older were receiving social security benefits; those with neither earnings nor a second pension constituted the largest subgroup and had the lowest median income. Married couples, as a group, were substantially better off financially than nonmarried persons because they were younger, two-person rather than one-person units, and had one member who was a man. Blacks were less likely than whites to receive pension income other than social security benefits, and their median benefits and earnings were both lower.
本文开启了关于55岁及以上人群收入情况的两年期系列报告。其所依据的调查更新了该人群中一部分人的广泛经济状况信息，并构成了对整个群体财务状况趋势进行分析的基础。1976年，55至61岁的人群通常全职工作，没有养老金收入，且已婚。73岁及以上的人群主要不工作，大多领取退休金，且可能是寡妇。大多数65岁及以上的人领取社会保障福利；既无收入又无第二份养老金的人构成最大子群体，且其中位数收入最低。作为一个群体，已婚夫妇在经济上比未婚者状况要好得多，因为他们更年轻，是两人而非一人家庭，且有一名男性成员。黑人比白人获得社会保障福利以外的养老金收入的可能性更小，且其中位数福利和收入都更低。
