Schneekloth U
Infratest Burke Sozialforschung, München.
Z Gerontol Geriatr. 1996 Jan-Feb;29(1):11-7.
In two representative infratest-surveys, needs for care were systematically assessed regarding 24 basic activities of daily living (hygiene, mobility, communication, etc.). About 1.2 million persons in private homes and .5 million in homes for the elderly or handicaped were found to need care at least once a day. Impaired mobility was a persisting characteristic, partly due to physical disability, partly due to cognitive deficits. Being unable to phone or to orientate oneself outside the home, for instance, points to dementia. For the future, an increase in the number of persons who are dependent on care to 1.32 million in private homes and 900,000 who probably will live in homes for elderly, can be calculated for the year 2040 as a consequence of the demographic impact. Nevertheless, also in the future nearly one out of two elderly will be able to live independently without any need of care or help. Self-maintenance can be identified as the essential problem, because people with need of care will increasingly live alone without any relatives.
在两项具有代表性的基础调查中，针对24项日常生活基本活动（卫生、行动能力、沟通等）对护理需求进行了系统评估。结果发现，约120万居家人士以及50万老年人或残疾人士住所中的人每天至少需要一次护理。行动能力受损是一个持续存在的特征，部分原因是身体残疾，部分原因是认知缺陷。例如，无法打电话或在家外辨别方向表明患有痴呆症。从未来来看，由于人口结构的影响，预计到2040年，依赖护理的人数将增加到居家132万，可能住在养老院的人数将达到90万。然而，即使在未来，近半数老年人仍能够独立生活，无需任何护理或帮助。自我照料可被视为一个关键问题，因为需要护理的人将越来越多地独自生活，身边没有任何亲属。
