Hagerman F C, Fielding R A, Fiatarone M A, Gault J A, Kirkendall D T, Ragg K E, Evans W J
Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens 45701-2979, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996 Sep;28(9):1150-6. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199609000-00011.
Nine 1972 silver-medalist oarsmen were studied before the Olympic Games and 10 and 20 yr later. Peak power, metabolic responses, and heart rate were recorded during rowing ergometry; blood lactate was measured following exercise. The skinfold equation yielded percent body fat. The average change (multiple analysis of variance) among measurements from 1972 to 1992 was 37.5 +/- 3% (P < 0.01). Average changes between 1972 and 1982 and between 1982 and 1992 were similar, 17 and 18%, respectively (P < 0.01). The most significant change between 1972 and 1992 was decreased peak blood lactate (106%). Decreases in peak power, VE, and VO2 (ml.kg-1.min-1) were all similar, approximately 40%, and were significant. Body fat increased (from 12.3 to 15.6%), and absolute VO2 and relative VO2 (lean body mass) decreased 30% (P < 0.01). Only body weight, heart rate, and O2 pulse showed smaller changes, but these changes were still significant (P < 0.05). Relative peak VO2 decreased from 65.5 to 46.8 ml.kg-1.min-1 from 1972 to 1992 and at a rate of 10%.decade-1. The most significant changes between 1972 and 1982 were increases in percent body fat (from 12.3 to 16.3%) and decreases in VO2 values (P < 0.01). There was less change in body fat between 1982 and 1992, but lactate significantly decreased (P < 0.01), as did peak power and absolute and relative VO2 and VE. Although fitness levels in former elite oarsmen decreased each decade, these declines were somewhat arrested by regular aerobic training. Body fat increased and metabolic capacity decreased rapidly during the first decade, whereas anaerobic capacity decreased more significantly in the second decade. Anaerobic capacity diminished at a significantly greater rate than aerobic capacity, probably as a result of the aging process and emphasis on aerobic training in post-competitive years.
对9名1972年奥运会银牌获得者赛艇运动员在奥运会前、10年后和20年后进行了研究。在赛艇测力计测试过程中记录了峰值功率、代谢反应和心率；运动后测量了血乳酸。皮褶厚度公式得出体脂百分比。1972年至1992年测量值之间的平均变化（方差分析）为37.5±3%（P<0.01）。1972年至1982年以及1982年至1992年之间的平均变化相似，分别为17%和18%（P<0.01）。1972年至1992年之间最显著的变化是血乳酸峰值下降（106%）。峰值功率、每分钟通气量（VE）和每分钟摄氧量（VO₂，ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹）的下降均相似，约为40%，且具有显著性。体脂增加（从12.3%增至15.6%），绝对VO₂和相对VO₂（去脂体重）下降30%（P<0.01）。只有体重、心率和氧脉搏变化较小，但这些变化仍具有显著性（P<0.05）。相对峰值VO₂从1972年的65.5 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹降至1992年的46.8 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹，下降速率为10%·十年⁻¹。1972年至1982年之间最显著的变化是体脂百分比增加（从12.3%增至16.3%）和VO₂值下降（P<0.01）。1982年至1992年之间体脂变化较小，但乳酸显著下降（P<0.01），峰值功率、绝对和相对VO₂以及VE也显著下降。尽管前精英赛艇运动员的体能水平每十年下降，但定期有氧训练在一定程度上抑制了这些下降。在第一个十年中，体脂增加且代谢能力迅速下降，而在第二个十年中无氧能力下降更为显著。无氧能力下降的速率明显大于有氧能力，这可能是衰老过程以及在赛后多年强调有氧训练的结果。
