Challenging behaviour: the effectiveness of specialist support teams.

Two specialist community services for people with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour were evaluated over approximately 3 years. Intervention effectiveness was assessed with respect to changes in subjects' skills, challenging behaviours, mental health and quality of life, and to changes in staff morale. Subjects assessed as having challenging behaviour but not referred for specialist input were also studied. Comparison of changes in referred and non-referred samples over time showed minor differences only, indicating little intervention effect and demonstrating stability in the comparison sample. Analysis of the two services separately yielded different results. Positive client change was evident with respect to one service, whilst little change was noted with respect to the other. There was little evidence to suggest that either service had any effect on staff morale. Differences between the two services in terms of structure, staffing characteristics and operational policies are discussed as possible factors in the differential results obtained. A major issue raised by the study concerns the quality of settings from which the subjects were referred for specialist support. This is discussed as a factor which may limit the effectiveness of specialist input.