1994年意大利的吸烟情况。

Pagano R, La Vecchia C, Decarli A

Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT), Rome, Italy.

Tumori. 1996 Jul-Aug;82(4):309-13. doi: 10.1177/030089169608200403.

The prevalence of smoking in Italian males and females has been investigated using data from the National Health Survey (first cycle), collected between January and March 1994, and based on a total sample of 13,048 individuals (6,307 males and 6,741 females) representative of the general Italian population. Overall, 24.2% of Italians aged 15 years or over described themselves as current smokers (32.6% of males and 16.3% of females). Ex-smokers were 14.2%, including 22.3% of males and 6.6% of females; never smokers were 61.6% (45.1% of males, 77.1% of females). In both sexes, the highest proportions of smokers were young to middle-aged (35-44 years), and there was a substantial decline in smoking rates in the youngest age group (15-24 years), to reach 19.8% of males and 9.9% of females. A steady and substantial decline in reported smoking prevalence over time was observed in males (from 54.2% in 1980 to 32.6% in 1994), whereas smoking prevalence remained approximately stable around 17% in females. This was due to some increase in smoking prevalence among women over 35 years of age, following a cohort effect, and the low quit rate among females. The average number of cigarettes per smoker per day was slightly up, to reach 18.3 in males and 13.4 in females in 1994. The fall in reported cigarette consumption was only partly reflected in legal sale data, which showed for 1993 a consumption of 1.86 kg per adult per year, corresponding to 5.1 cigarettes per day. Taking into account also smuggling, this indicates that interview-based figures were underestimated by at least 25%. In males, but not in females, smoking was less frequent in northern and more developed areas of the country and among more educated individuals. Among Italians with a university degree, smoking rates were for the first time higher in females (31.5%) than in males (23.7%). Thus, the data from the 1994 National Health Survey confirm the long-term decline in smoking prevalence among Italian males, in the absence however of appreciable changes in females.

利用1994年1月至3月期间收集的来自全国健康调查（第一轮）的数据，对意大利男性和女性的吸烟率进行了调查。该调查基于13048人的总样本（6307名男性和6741名女性），这些样本代表了意大利普通人群。总体而言，15岁及以上的意大利人中有24.2%称自己为当前吸烟者（男性为32.6%，女性为16.3%）。曾经吸烟者占14.2%，其中男性为22.3%，女性为6.6%；从不吸烟者占61.6%（男性为45.1%，女性为77.1%）。在两性中，吸烟者比例最高的是青年到中年（35 - 44岁），最年轻年龄组（15 - 24岁）的吸烟率大幅下降，男性降至19.8%，女性降至9.9%。随着时间的推移，观察到男性报告的吸烟率稳步大幅下降（从1980年的54.2%降至1994年的32.6%），而女性的吸烟率在17%左右大致保持稳定。这是由于35岁以上女性中因队列效应导致吸烟率有所上升，以及女性的低戒烟率。1994年，每位吸烟者每天的平均吸烟量略有上升，男性达到18.3支，女性达到13.4支。报告的香烟消费量下降仅部分反映在合法销售数据中，1993年的数据显示，每位成年人每年的消费量为1.86千克，相当于每天5.1支香烟。考虑到走私情况，这表明基于访谈的数据至少被低估了25%。在男性中，而非女性中，该国北部和更发达地区以及受教育程度较高的人群吸烟频率较低。在拥有大学学位的意大利人中，女性的吸烟率首次高于男性（31.5%对23.7%）。因此，1994年全国健康调查的数据证实了意大利男性吸烟率的长期下降，但女性的吸烟率没有明显变化。