Kalet I J, Jacky J P, Austin-Seymour M M, Hummel S M, Sullivan K J, Unger J M
Radiation Oncology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195-6043, USA.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1996 Sep 1;36(2):451-61. doi: 10.1016/s0360-3016(96)00322-7.
We describe the capabilities and performance of Prism, an innovative new radiotherapy planning system with unusual features and design. The design and implementation strategies are intended to assure high quality and clinical acceptability. The features include Artificial Intelligence tools and special support for multileaf collimator (MLC) systems. The design provides unusual flexibility of operation and ease of expansion.
We have implemented Prism, a three-dimensional (3D) radiotherapy treatment-planning system on standard commercial workstations with the widely available X window system. The design and implementation use ideas taken from recent software engineering research, for example, the use of behavioral entity-relationship modeling and the "Mediator Method" instead of ad-hoc programming. The Prism system includes the usual features of a 3D planning system, including Beam's Eye View and the ability to simulate any treatment geometry possible with any standard radiotherapy accelerator. It includes a rule-based expert system for automated generation of the planning target volume as defined in ICRU Report 50. In addition, it provides special support for planning treatments with a multileaf collimator (MLC). We also implemented a Radiotherapy Treatment Planning Tools Foundation for Prism, so that we are able to use software tools form other institutions without any source code modification.
The Prism system has been in clinical operation at the University of Washington since July 1994 and has been installed at several other clinics. The system is run simultaneously by several users, each with their own workstation operating from a common networked database and software. In addition to the dosimetrists, the system is used by radiation oncologists to define tumor and target volumes and by radiation therapists to select treatment setups to load into a computer controlled accelerator.
Experience with the installation and operation has shown the design to be effective as both a clinical and research tool. Integration of software tools has eased the development and significantly enhanced the clinical usability of the system. The design has been shown to be a sound basis for further innovation in radiation treatment planning software and for research in the treatment planning process.
我们描述了Prism这一创新型放射治疗计划系统的功能和性能，它具有独特的特点和设计。其设计和实施策略旨在确保高质量和临床可接受性。这些特点包括人工智能工具以及对多叶准直器（MLC）系统的特殊支持。该设计提供了不同寻常的操作灵活性和易于扩展的特性。
我们在配备广泛使用的X窗口系统的标准商用工作站上实现了Prism，这是一个三维（3D）放射治疗治疗计划系统。其设计和实施采用了来自近期软件工程研究的理念，例如，使用行为实体 - 关系建模和“中介者方法”而非临时编程。Prism系统具备3D计划系统的常见功能，包括射野方向观以及模拟任何标准放射治疗加速器可能的任何治疗几何形状的能力。它包含一个基于规则的专家系统，用于自动生成ICRU报告50中定义的计划靶体积。此外，它为使用多叶准直器（MLC）的治疗计划提供特殊支持。我们还为Prism实现了一个放射治疗计划工具基础架构，这样我们能够使用其他机构的软件工具而无需对任何源代码进行修改。
Prism系统自1994年7月起在华盛顿大学投入临床使用，并且已在其他几家诊所安装。该系统由多个用户同时运行，每个用户都有自己的工作站，通过一个公共的网络数据库和软件进行操作。除了剂量师之外，放射肿瘤学家使用该系统来定义肿瘤和靶体积，放射治疗师则使用该系统来选择要加载到计算机控制加速器中的治疗设置。
安装和运行的经验表明，该设计作为临床和研究工具都是有效的。软件工具的集成简化了开发过程，并显著提高了系统的临床可用性。该设计已被证明是放射治疗计划软件进一步创新以及治疗计划过程研究的坚实基础。
