提高豌豆对肉鸡的营养价值：微粉化和去皮工艺的评估。

The enhancement of the nutritive value of peas for broiler chickens: an evaluation of micronization and dehulling processes.

作者信息

Igbasan F A, Guenter W

机构信息

Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.

出版信息

Poult Sci. 1996 Oct;75(10):1243-52. doi: 10.3382/ps.0751243.

DOI:10.3382/ps.0751243

PMID:8893301

Abstract

The effects of dehulling and micronization (infrared heating) on the nutritive value of three cultivars (Impala, Radley, and Sirius) of peas (Pisum sativum) varying in coat color for broiler chickens were studied. Dehulling increased (P < or = 0.05) protein and starch contents and decreased (P < or = 0.05) fiber content of peas. Also, the concentrations of most amino acids slightly increased (P > or = 0.05). Micronization slightly changed (P > or = 0.05) the chemical composition of peas. Moisture, protein, fiber and phosphorus contents marginally decreased. The concentrations of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, isoleucine, lysine, cystine, threonine, and tyrosine decreased (P < or = 0.05), whereas that of methionine slightly increased (P > or = 0.05). Lysine concentration was decreased by 2.7%. The TMEn and average true AA availability values determined with adult cockerels were improved (P < or = 0.05) by micronization, but the availabilities of lysine were decreased by 11.3, 4.4, and 2.0% for Impala, Radley and Sirius, respectively. The decrease was significant (P < or = 0.05) for Impala and Radley but not significant for Sirius peas. Application of micronization resulted in a significant (P < or = 0.05) improvement in AMEn, apparent protein digestibility (APD), and starch digestibility. The increments ranged from 19.4 to 31.3, 8.5 to 33.6, and 12.2 to 22.3% for AMEn, APD, and starch digestibility, respectively. In contrast, dehulling had little or no effect on AMEn (3.0 and 4.9%), APD (-1.8 and -4.2%) and starch digestibility (2.0 and 1.3%) values of Impala (yellow-seeded) and Radley (green-seeded) peas but significantly (P < or = 0.05) improved the AMEn (24.1%), APD (26.8%), and starch digestibility (12.1%) values of Sirius (brown-seeded) peas. Chick performance was evaluated in a 2-wk trial. Birds fed micronized peas grew faster and had better feed conversion (P < or = 0.05) than birds fed untreated peas and the wheat-soybean control diet. Addition of lysine to the diet containing micronized peas further improved (P > or = 0.05) weight gains and feed conversion of broiler chicks. Dehulling only improved (P < or = 0.05) the performance of birds fed Sirius peas.

摘要

研究了去壳和微细化处理（红外加热）对三种种皮颜色各异的豌豆（Pisum sativum）品种（黑斑羚、雷德利和天狼星）对肉鸡营养价值的影响。去壳提高了（P≤0.05）豌豆的蛋白质和淀粉含量，降低了（P≤0.05）纤维含量。此外，大多数氨基酸的浓度略有增加（P≥0.05）。微细化处理对豌豆的化学成分有轻微改变（P≥0.05）。水分、蛋白质、纤维和磷含量略有下降。天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、胱氨酸、苏氨酸和酪氨酸的浓度降低（P≤0.05），而蛋氨酸的浓度略有增加（P≥0.05）。赖氨酸浓度降低了2.7%。用成年公鸡测定的TMEn和平均真氨基酸利用率值通过微细化处理得到了改善（P≤0.05），但黑斑羚、雷德利和天狼星豌豆的赖氨酸利用率分别降低了11.3%、4.4%和2.0%。黑斑羚和雷德利豌豆的降低显著（P≤0.05），而天狼星豌豆不显著。微细化处理使AMEn、表观蛋白质消化率（APD）和淀粉消化率有显著（P≤0.05）提高。AMEn、APD和淀粉消化率的增幅分别为19.4%至31.3%、8.5%至33.6%和12.2%至22.3%。相比之下，去壳对黑斑羚（黄籽）和雷德利（绿籽）豌豆的AMEn（3.0%和4.9%）、APD（-1.8%和-4.2%）和淀粉消化率（2.0%和1.3%）值几乎没有影响，但显著（P≤0.05）提高了天狼星（褐籽）豌豆的AMEn（24.1%）、APD（26.8%）和淀粉消化率（12.1%）值。在为期2周的试验中对雏鸡性能进行了评估。饲喂微细化豌豆的鸡比饲喂未处理豌豆和小麦 - 大豆对照日粮的鸡生长更快，饲料转化率更高（P≤0.05）。在含有微细化豌豆的日粮中添加赖氨酸进一步提高了（P≥0.05）肉鸡的体重增加和饲料转化率。仅去壳仅提高了（P≤0.05）饲喂天狼星豌豆的鸡的性能。