Crum R M, Harris E L
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Genet Epidemiol. 1996;13(4):329-41. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2272(1996)13:4<329::AID-GEPI2>3.0.CO;2-#.
Using data from a population-based study, we examined the association of parental history of heavy drinking and depressed mood with the occurrence of alcohol abuse and dependence in the participants, stratified on gender. We hypothesized that a parental history of heavy drinking or depressed mood would have a stronger association with the occurrence of alcohol abuse or dependence among women than among men.
In 1981, collaborators in the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program recruited 3,481 adult participants after probability sample selection of census tracts and households in Baltimore, Maryland. To assess the occurrence of psychiatric conditions over time, the Diagnostic Interview Schedule was administered soon after sampling and again at follow-up, roughly 1 year later. At the follow-up interview, parental history of psychiatric conditions was assessed. Individuals who did not complete either the baseline or follow-up interview, or who used a proxy informant were excluded from these analyses. These exclusions left 2,588 household residents who comprised the complete study sample, of which 384 had alcohol abuse or dependence.
The degree of association of alcoholism with parental history of heavy drinking or depressed mood is greater for women than for men. Men have an increased risk for alcohol abuse and dependence if they report that father has a history of heavy drinking (OR = 1.6, P < .01). For women, an alcohol disorder is associated with heavy drinking in fathers and in mothers (OR = 2.1, P < .01; OR = 2.6, P < .01, respectively). A similar pattern is found for a parental history of depressed mood. In addition, there is evidence of a possible reporting bias: Men and women with alcohol abuse or dependence are less likely to provide family information than participants without alcohol abuse or dependence. Among men, the presence of missing parental history information is significantly associated with alcohol abuse and dependence.
The current report shows evidence for a gender difference in the relationship of parental history of heavy drinking and depression with the risk of alcoholism in offspring, and suggests that the effect of missing information should be considered when analyzing family data.
利用一项基于人群的研究数据，我们按性别分层，研究了父母酗酒史和情绪低落与参与者酒精滥用和依赖发生情况之间的关联。我们假设，父母酗酒史或情绪低落与女性酒精滥用或依赖发生情况的关联比男性更强。
1981年，美国国立精神卫生研究所流行病学集水区项目的合作者在马里兰州巴尔的摩对普查区和家庭进行概率抽样后，招募了3481名成年参与者。为了评估一段时间内精神疾病的发生情况，在抽样后不久以及大约1年后的随访时进行了诊断访谈表调查。在随访访谈中，评估了父母的精神疾病史。未完成基线或随访访谈，或使用代理 informant 的个体被排除在这些分析之外。这些排除后留下了2588名家庭居民，构成了完整的研究样本，其中384人有酒精滥用或依赖问题。
女性中酒精中毒与父母酗酒史或情绪低落的关联程度大于男性。如果男性报告父亲有酗酒史，那么他们酒精滥用和依赖的风险会增加（比值比 = 1.6，P <.01）。对于女性，酒精障碍与父亲和母亲的酗酒有关（比值比分别为 = 2.1，P <.01；比值比 = 2.6，P <.01）。父母情绪低落史也发现了类似模式。此外，有证据表明可能存在报告偏倚：有酒精滥用或依赖问题的男性和女性比没有酒精滥用或依赖问题的参与者提供家庭信息的可能性更小。在男性中，父母历史信息缺失与酒精滥用和依赖显著相关。
本报告显示了父母酗酒史和抑郁症与后代酒精中毒风险之间关系存在性别差异的证据，并表明在分析家庭数据时应考虑缺失信息的影响。
