ROCA R, ADKINS L, WURSCHY MC, SKERL K
The Nature ConservancyLatin America and Caribbean Division1815 N. Lynn StreetArlington, Virginia 22209, USA
Environ Manage. 1996 Nov;20(6):849-63. doi: 10.1007/BF01205965.
/ Future conservation efforts will need to transcend geopolitical boundaries in efforts to protect entire landscapes and ecosystems. Neotropical migratory birds are as a group a useful conservation tool for linking diverse landscapes and people due to their dependence on multiple habitats, sensitivity to habitat changes, and universal public appeal. The conservation of neotropical migrants can therefore function as a powerful hemispheric umbrella for ecosystem protection. Efforts to protect neotropical migratory birds on their nonbreeding grounds have traditionally been focused on Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. To assess the importance of South America to neotropical migrants, an ecoregional classification system was used to determine species distributions in the Andean/Southern Cone Region (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela). The occurrence of migrants in protected areas that are part of The Nature Conservancy's Parks in Peril program was also assessed. Of the 406 neotropical migrant species, nearly one third (132) occur as regular nonbreeding residents in the region and for almost half of these species (53), South America is their main nonbreeding ground. All Parks in Peril sites were found to harbor neotropical migrants. Forty-eight species (36%) have declining long-term North American Breeding Bird Survey population trends and/or high Partners in Flight concern scores and thus are of significant conservation concern. Most importantly, 29 species (22%) of conservation concern use South America as their primary nonbreeding ground, indicating a need for focused conservation action. The nature of the ecoregional approach used in this endeavor makes future prioritization of ecoregions and conservation strategies for neotropical migrants across national boundaries possible. The ability to link diverse landscapes using a common element such as migratory birds allows for unique transboundary partnerships and opportunities for habitat conservation, which support the goal of the Conservancy's new Migratory Bird Initiative.KEY WORDS: Neotropical migratory birds; Transboundary conservation; Ecoregions; Protected areas; South America
未来的保护工作需要跨越地缘政治界限，以保护整个景观和生态系统。新热带迁徙鸟类作为一个群体，由于它们依赖多种栖息地、对栖息地变化敏感以及具有广泛的公众吸引力，是连接不同景观和人群的有用保护工具。因此，新热带迁徙鸟类的保护可以成为强大的半球生态系统保护保护伞。传统上，在新热带迁徙鸟类的非繁殖地开展的保护工作主要集中在墨西哥、中美洲和加勒比地区。为了评估南美洲对新热带迁徙鸟类的重要性，我们使用了一种生态区域分类系统来确定安第斯/南锥体地区（玻利维亚、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、巴拉圭、秘鲁和委内瑞拉）的物种分布。我们还评估了参与大自然保护协会“濒危公园”项目的保护区内迁徙鸟类的出现情况。在406种新热带迁徙鸟类中，近三分之一（132种）作为定期非繁殖居民出现在该地区，其中近一半（53种）将南美洲作为它们的主要非繁殖地。所有“濒危公园”地点都发现有新热带迁徙鸟类。48种（36%）鸟类的北美繁殖鸟类调查长期种群趋势呈下降趋势，和/或在“鸟类共同行动”中被列为高度关注物种，因此具有重大保护意义。最重要 的是，29种（22%）受关注的保护物种将南美洲作为它们的主要非繁殖地，这表明需要采取有针对性的保护行动。本研究中使用的生态区域方法的性质使得未来能够对跨越国界的新热带迁徙鸟类的生态区域和保护策略进行优先排序。利用候鸟等共同元素连接不同景观的能力为独特的跨界伙伴关系和栖息地保护创造了机会，这支持了大自然保护协会新的候鸟倡议的目标。关键词：新热带迁徙鸟类；跨界保护；生态区域；保护区；南美洲
