Williams M H
Human Performance Laboratory, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529-0196, USA.
J Sports Sci. 1995 Summer;13 Spec No:S63-74. doi: 10.1080/02640419508732279.
Nutritional ergogenic aids may be theorized to improve performance in athletics in a variety of ways, primarily by enhancing energy efficiency, energy control or energy production. Athletes have utilized almost every nutrient possible, ranging from amino acids to zinc, as well as numerous purported nutritional substances, such as ginseng, in attempts to enhance physical performance. This review focuses primarily on nutritional ergogenic aids thought to enhance performance by favourably affecting energy metabolism. Although most purported nutritional ergogenic aids have not been shown to enhance physical performance in well-trained, well-nourished athletes, some reliable scientific data support an ergogenic efficacy of several substances, including caffeine, creatine and sodium bicarbonate, but additional research is needed to evaluate their potential for enhancing performance in specific athletics events.
营养性运动增强辅助剂可被理论化为通过多种方式提高运动员的表现，主要是通过提高能量效率、能量控制或能量产生。运动员几乎使用了每一种可能的营养素，从氨基酸到锌，以及许多所谓的营养物质，如人参，试图提高身体表现。本综述主要关注那些被认为通过有利地影响能量代谢来提高表现的营养性运动增强辅助剂。尽管大多数所谓的营养性运动增强辅助剂尚未被证明能提高训练有素、营养良好的运动员的身体表现，但一些可靠的科学数据支持几种物质的运动增强功效，包括咖啡因、肌酸和碳酸氢钠，但还需要更多研究来评估它们在特定体育项目中提高表现的潜力。
