Cohen M D, Bugaieski E M, Haliloglu M, Faught P, Siddiqui A R
Department of Radiology, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis 46202-5200, USA.
Radiographics. 1996 May;16(3):523-45. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.16.3.8897621.
Staging systems are used in staging most pediatric solid tumors outside the central nervous system. Common solid, nonneurologic pediatric tumors include liver tumors, Hodgkin disease, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, and osteosarcoma. Traditional staging of pediatric tumors depends on the anatomic distribution of the malignant disease. Almost all staging systems are based on the spread of the local primary tumor, metastasis to regional lymph nodes, and distant blood-borne metastatic spread. There is some variability as to how tumor spread is assessed. Such assessment may be performed before or after surgery. There are many potential problems with tumor staging systems. The systems vary in complexity and clinical usefulness, and there is some variation in the criteria used in the different systems. It is important for radiologists to have a sound working knowledge of staging systems to facilitate accurate staging. Imaging is an important aspect of every staging system.
分期系统用于大多数中枢神经系统以外的小儿实体瘤的分期。常见的小儿实体非神经肿瘤包括肝肿瘤、霍奇金病、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、肾母细胞瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、神经母细胞瘤、尤因肉瘤和骨肉瘤。小儿肿瘤的传统分期取决于恶性疾病的解剖分布。几乎所有分期系统都基于局部原发肿瘤的扩散、区域淋巴结转移和远处血行转移扩散。在评估肿瘤扩散的方式上存在一些差异。这种评估可在手术前或手术后进行。肿瘤分期系统存在许多潜在问题。这些系统在复杂性和临床实用性方面各不相同，不同系统所采用的标准也存在一些差异。放射科医生对分期系统有扎实的实用知识以促进准确分期很重要。影像学是每个分期系统的重要方面。
