Voss Stephan D
Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Pediatr Radiol. 2018 Aug;48(9):1324-1336. doi: 10.1007/s00247-018-4162-4. Epub 2018 Aug 4.
Most pediatric malignancies require some form of cross-sectional imaging, either for staging or response assessment. The majority of these are solid tumors and this review addresses the role of MRI, as well as other cross-sectional and functional imaging techniques, for evaluating the most common pediatric solid tumors. The primary emphasis is on neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma and Wilms tumor, three of the most common non-central-nervous-system (CNS) pediatric solid tumors encountered in young children. The initial focus will be a review of the imaging techniques and approaches used for diagnosis, staging and early post-treatment response assessment, followed by a discussion of the role surveillance imaging plays in pediatric oncology and a brief review of other emerging imaging techniques. The lessons learned here can be applied to most other pediatric tumors, including rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma, as well as germ cell tumors, neurofibromatosis and other rare tumors. Although lymphoma, in particular Hodgkin lymphoma, represents one of the more common pediatric malignancies, this is not discussed in detail here. Rather, many of the lessons that we have learned from lymphoma, specifically with regard to how we integrate both anatomical imaging and functional imaging techniques, is applied to the discussion of the other pediatric solid tumors.
大多数儿科恶性肿瘤都需要某种形式的横断面成像，用于分期或疗效评估。其中大多数是实体瘤，本综述探讨了MRI以及其他横断面和功能成像技术在评估最常见的儿科实体瘤中的作用。主要重点是神经母细胞瘤、肝母细胞瘤和肾母细胞瘤，这是幼儿中最常见的三种非中枢神经系统（CNS）儿科实体瘤。最初的重点将是对用于诊断、分期和治疗后早期疗效评估的成像技术和方法进行综述，随后讨论监测成像在儿科肿瘤学中的作用，并简要回顾其他新兴成像技术。这里学到的经验教训可应用于大多数其他儿科肿瘤，包括横纹肌肉瘤、尤因肉瘤和骨肉瘤，以及生殖细胞肿瘤、神经纤维瘤病和其他罕见肿瘤。虽然淋巴瘤，尤其是霍奇金淋巴瘤，是较常见的儿科恶性肿瘤之一，但本文不对此进行详细讨论。相反，我们从淋巴瘤中学到的许多经验教训，特别是关于如何整合解剖成像和功能成像技术的经验教训，将应用于对其他儿科实体瘤的讨论。
