Weber D J, Rutala W A, Hamilton H
Division of Infectious Disease, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, USA.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1996 Oct;17(10):694-705. doi: 10.1086/647206.
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is the causative agent of two diseases: varicella (chickenpox) and zoster (shingles). Although varicella generally is a mild disease in children, serious morbidity and mortality are common if infection occurs in neonates, pregnant women, adults, or immunocompromised patients. For this reason, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that all the hospitals institute control measures. Healthcare workers should be screened for VZV immunity and, if susceptible, should receive the recently licensed Oka/Merck vaccine (unless contraindicated). This article reviews nosocomial outbreaks associated with VZV and provides detailed algorithms for preexposure immunization and postexposure management of healthcare workers exposed to VZV.
水痘带状疱疹病毒（VZV）是两种疾病的病原体：水痘（鸡痘）和带状疱疹（缠腰龙）。虽然水痘在儿童中通常是一种轻症疾病，但如果新生儿、孕妇、成人或免疫功能低下的患者发生感染，严重的发病和死亡情况很常见。因此，疾病控制与预防中心建议所有医院制定控制措施。医护人员应进行VZV免疫筛查，若易感，应接种最近获批的Oka/默克疫苗（除非有禁忌）。本文回顾了与VZV相关的医院感染暴发情况，并提供了医护人员VZV暴露前免疫和暴露后管理的详细流程。
