Fessele K S
Amgen Inc, Sparta, NJ, USA.
Oncol Nurs Forum. 1996 Oct;23(9):1409-15; quiz 1416-7.
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To review the multiple causes of nausea and vomiting in the patient with cancer. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management strategies are provided to deal with each type, and selected clinical nursing research is discussed.
Scholarly and professional published articles.
Nausea and vomiting may result from chemical, visceral, central nervous system, and vestibular causes at any time during the disease process of the patient with cancer. Investigation of possible causes beyond adverse chemotherapeutic effects is necessary prior to initiating antiemetic therapy. Anticipation of potential related problems and proactive pharmacologic and nursing management are advisable. Further nursing research is needed related to nonpharmacologic management methods such as aerobic exercise, guided imagery, progressive relaxation, and acupressure.
Proper diagnosis and targeted intervention are essential to effectively manage cancer-related nausea and vomiting.
Healthcare providers must thoroughly assess and reassess the patient's disease status and current treatment interventions to effectively manage nausea and vomiting. Nurses can participate in this assessment and provide the appropriate drug therapies as well as continue to develop non-pharmacologic intervention methods that the patient can implement independently.
目的/目标：回顾癌症患者恶心和呕吐的多种病因。针对每种类型提供了药物和非药物管理策略，并讨论了精选的临床护理研究。
学术和专业发表的文章。
恶心和呕吐可能在癌症患者疾病过程中的任何时候由化学、内脏、中枢神经系统和前庭原因引起。在开始止吐治疗之前，有必要调查除化疗不良反应之外的可能原因。建议对潜在相关问题进行预判并采取积极的药物和护理管理措施。需要进一步开展与有氧运动、引导想象、渐进性放松和穴位按压等非药物管理方法相关的护理研究。
正确的诊断和有针对性的干预对于有效管理癌症相关的恶心和呕吐至关重要。
医疗保健提供者必须全面评估并重新评估患者的疾病状况和当前的治疗干预措施，以有效管理恶心和呕吐。护士可以参与此项评估，并提供适当的药物治疗，同时继续开发患者可以独立实施的非药物干预方法。
