Managing the multiple causes of nausea and vomiting in the patient with cancer.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To review the multiple causes of nausea and vomiting in the patient with cancer. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management strategies are provided to deal with each type, and selected clinical nursing research is discussed.

DATA SOURCES

Scholarly and professional published articles.

DATA SYNTHESIS

Nausea and vomiting may result from chemical, visceral, central nervous system, and vestibular causes at any time during the disease process of the patient with cancer. Investigation of possible causes beyond adverse chemotherapeutic effects is necessary prior to initiating antiemetic therapy. Anticipation of potential related problems and proactive pharmacologic and nursing management are advisable. Further nursing research is needed related to nonpharmacologic management methods such as aerobic exercise, guided imagery, progressive relaxation, and acupressure.

CONCLUSIONS

Proper diagnosis and targeted intervention are essential to effectively manage cancer-related nausea and vomiting.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE

Healthcare providers must thoroughly assess and reassess the patient's disease status and current treatment interventions to effectively manage nausea and vomiting. Nurses can participate in this assessment and provide the appropriate drug therapies as well as continue to develop non-pharmacologic intervention methods that the patient can implement independently.