Oksa J, Rintamäki H
Laboratory of Physiology, Oulu Regional Institute of Occupational Health, Finland.
Arctic Med Res. 1995;54 Suppl 2:29-31.
The capability of the human organism to work or exercise comprises of several components of physical performance capacity: endurance, power, force production, velocity, flexibility and co-ordination. Working in cold environments where it is possible that the temperature of the body, either superficial or core, decrease, the above mentioned components may be altered. In general, cooling decreases the ability of these components to function. The amount of decrease is dependent for example on: exercise type, exercise duration and degree of cooling. The exercises that seem to be most susceptible to cooling are those which are very short lasting and dynamic, utilising fast movement velocities and/or elastic properties of the working muscles. The decrease in core temperature, however is not a prerequisite for the decrease in performance. Already a very superficial cooling is sufficient to substantially decrease performance. Several mechanisms may be responsible for the decreased capacity of performance and they can severely suffocate the capacity to work in cold environments. Due to this an increase in individual strain and also the risk to have an accident are increased. Therefore, while working in cold environments cooling, especially of the working muscles, has to be avoided as efficiently as possible.
耐力、力量、发力、速度、柔韧性和协调性。在寒冷环境中工作时，体表或核心体温有可能下降，上述这些组成部分可能会发生改变。一般来说，体温降低会削弱这些组成部分的功能。下降的程度例如取决于：运动类型、运动持续时间和降温程度。似乎最容易受到降温影响的运动是那些持续时间很短且具有动态性、利用快速运动速度和/或工作肌肉弹性特性的运动。然而，核心体温下降并不是运动能力下降的先决条件。仅仅是非常浅表的降温就足以大幅降低运动能力。几种机制可能导致运动能力下降，它们会严重阻碍在寒冷环境中的工作能力。因此，个体的压力增加，发生事故的风险也会增加。所以，在寒冷环境中工作时，必须尽可能有效地避免降温，尤其是工作肌肉的降温。
