Rode A, Shephard R J
Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, University of Toronto, Ontario.
Arctic Med Res. 1996 Jan;55(1):4-13.
Acculturation to a 'modern' lifestyle has apparently speeded the aging of FVC and FEV1.0 in the Inuit (6). To test this hypothesis further, we compared lung function between Igloolik Inuit and less acculturated nGanasan in Volochanka.
FVC and FEV1.0 were measured by Stead-Wells spirometer (13.5 L lightweight bell) on 210M and 157F Inuit, and by 7.8 L dry gas wedge spirometer on 80M and 66F nGanasan. Subjects were aged 11-60 years.
The Inuit and the nGanasan were both some 10 cm shorter than the urban norms, but the ratio of sitting to standing height was normal. Cigarette smoking began around 13-14 yr, reaching a prevalence of 80% in Inuit males and females, 78% in nGanasan males, and 56% in nGanasan females. Inuit lung volumes exceeded urban norms as children and young adults, but had a steep age coefficient even after excluding subjects with a history of respiratory disease. The nGanasan had smaller lung volumes as young adults, but a less rapid decline of function with age.
High lung volumes in young adults probably reflect the continued physical fitness levels of circumpolar residents. The steep age coefficients for the Inuit cannot be explained simply by aging of a cohort with previous respiratory disease. The nGanasan have little advantage of smoking habits or fitness, but do not have snowmobiles. Operation of these vehicles may increase the inhalation of arctic air, and/or cause vertebral damage with resulting alterations of FVC and FEV1.0.
适应“现代”生活方式显然加速了因纽特人用力肺活量（FVC）和第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1.0）的衰老进程（6）。为进一步验证这一假设，我们比较了伊格卢利克因纽特人与沃洛昌卡地区受文化影响较小的纳甘桑人的肺功能。
使用斯特德 - 韦尔斯肺活量计（13.5升轻质浮筒）对210名男性和157名女性因纽特人进行FVC和FEV1.0测量，使用7.8升干式气体楔形肺活量计对80名男性和66名女性纳甘桑人进行测量。受试者年龄在11至60岁之间。
因纽特人和纳甘桑人的身高均比城市标准矮约10厘米，但坐高与身高的比例正常。吸烟始于13 - 14岁左右，因纽特男性和女性的吸烟率达到80%，纳甘桑男性为78%，纳甘桑女性为56%。因纽特儿童和年轻人的肺容积超过城市标准，但即使排除有呼吸系统疾病史的受试者后，其年龄系数仍很大。纳甘桑年轻人的肺容积较小，但功能随年龄下降的速度较慢。
年轻人较高的肺容积可能反映了环北极地区居民持续的身体健康水平。因纽特人较大的年龄系数不能简单地用先前有呼吸系统疾病的人群衰老来解释。纳甘桑人在吸烟习惯或健康状况方面没有优势，但他们没有雪地摩托。这些车辆的使用可能会增加北极空气的吸入，和/或导致脊柱损伤，从而改变FVC和FEV1.0。
