Rode A, Shephard R J
School of Physical & Health Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada.
Eur Respir J. 1994 Sep;7(9):1653-9. doi: 10.1183/09031936.94.07091653.
Three surveys (1969/1970, 1979/1980 and 1989/1990) have examined the impact of acculturation to a sedentary lifestyle on the pulmonary function of a circumpolar native Inuit community. The sample comprised more than 50% of those aged 20-60 yrs, most recently 119 males and 92 females. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) were measured by standard spirometric techniques, and information was obtained on smoking habits and health. Multiple regression equations showed that lung function was affected by height and age, but usually not by age squared. Cross-sectional age coefficients for FVC and FEV1 increased over the period 1969/1970 to 1989/1990. Parallel longitudinal trends were seen in FEV1 (males only). Multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed age-decade*cohort effects for FVC and FEV1 (males but not females). Almost all of the population now smoke (mean +/- SD males 13 +/- 8 cigarettes.day-1; females 11 +/- 7 cigarettes.day-1). However, smoking bears little relationship to lung function perhaps due to limited variance in consumption. About a third of the community have physician-diagnosed and/or radiographically visible chest disease, but with little effect upon pulmonary function. We conclude that an apparent secular trend to a faster ageing of lung function in men is not explained by disease or domestic air pollution. Possible factors include increased lung volumes in young adults, greater pack-years of cigarette exposure, nonspecific respiratory disease, increased inspiration of cold air or altered chest mechanics due to operation of high-speed snowmobiles, and loss of physical fitness.
三项调查（1969/1970年、1979/1980年和1989/1990年）研究了适应久坐生活方式对北极地区因纽特原住民社区肺功能的影响。样本包括20至60岁人群的50%以上，最近一次的样本为119名男性和92名女性。通过标准肺量计技术测量用力肺活量（FVC）、一秒用力呼气量（FEV1）和最大呼气中期流速（MMEF），并获取吸烟习惯和健康状况信息。多元回归方程显示，肺功能受身高和年龄影响，但通常不受年龄平方的影响。1969/1970年至1989/1990年期间，FVC和FEV1的横断面年龄系数有所增加。FEV1（仅男性）呈现出平行的纵向趋势。多变量方差分析（MANOVA）显示FVC和FEV1存在年龄十年*队列效应（男性有，女性没有）。现在几乎所有人都吸烟（男性平均±标准差为13±8支/天；女性为11±7支/天）。然而，吸烟与肺功能关系不大，可能是由于吸烟量差异有限。约三分之一的社区居民有医生诊断和/或影像学可见的胸部疾病，但对肺功能影响不大。我们得出结论，男性肺功能明显的长期加速老化趋势无法用疾病或家庭空气污染来解释。可能的因素包括年轻人肺容积增加、吸烟包年数增加、非特异性呼吸道疾病、冷空气吸入增加或高速雪地摩托操作导致的胸部力学改变以及身体素质下降。
