Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 1996 Mar 22;71(12):90-4.
There are 48 countries/areas in this Region (Tables 1-3). No data are available from Reunion and Saint Helena. BCG is given at birth in 46 countries. Diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine is used as a primary series of 3 doses in 46 countries. In 35 countries, DPT is given from 6 weeks of age; in 6 countries at 2 months of age (Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Congo, Gambia and Zambia); and in 5 countries at 3 months of age (Algeria, Mauritius, Seychelles, Swaziland and Zimbabwe). Eight countries give 4 doses of DPT (Benin, Burundi, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Rwanda, Seychelles, South Africa and Zambia) while 2 countries give 5 doses of DPT (Algeria and Togo). Diphtheria-tetanus (DT) is given in 3 countries: in Botswana at 6 years, in Mauritius at 2 and 5 years and in South Africa at 5 years of age. No Td* is given in any of the countries in this Region. Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is used in a primary series of 3 doses simultaneously with DPT vaccine in all countries. Eighteen countries give OPV at birth. Measles vaccine is given at 9 months of age in 45 countries. Seychelles gives measles vaccine at 15 months of age. None of these countries give a combined measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Rubella vaccine alone is also not given in any of the countries in the Region. Hepatitis B vaccine is used in 7 countries (Botswana, Gabon, Gambia, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe). It is given in 2 doses in 2 countries (Gambia and Nigeria) and at birth in 4 countries (Botswana, Gabon, Gambia and Nigeria). Thirty-one countries are at risk for yellow fever. However, yellow fever vaccine is given only in 10 countries (Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal and Togo). Six countries give yellow fever vaccine at 9 months, Chad gives it at 6 months, Gabon and Sao Tome and Principe at 1 year of age and Togo at 10 months. Tetanus toxoid (TT) is used for pregnant women or non-pregnant women of childbearing age. The schedules include 2 to 5 doses. Forty-two countries use a 5-dose schedule. TT is given to schoolchildren in 5 countries (Botswana, Comoros, Guinea, Lesotho and Madagascar).
该区域有48个国家/地区（表1 - 3）。留尼汪岛和圣赫勒拿岛没有相关数据。46个国家在出生时接种卡介苗。46个国家将白喉 - 百日咳 - 破伤风（DPT）疫苗作为3剂的基础免疫程序。在35个国家，DPT疫苗从6周龄开始接种；在6个国家于2月龄接种（安哥拉、博茨瓦纳、布基纳法索、刚果、冈比亚和赞比亚）；在5个国家于3月龄接种（阿尔及利亚、毛里求斯、塞舌尔、斯威士兰和津巴布韦）。8个国家接种4剂DPT（贝宁、布隆迪、刚果、赤道几内亚、卢旺达、塞舌尔、南非和赞比亚），而2个国家接种5剂DPT（阿尔及利亚和多哥）。3个国家接种白喉 - 破伤风（DT）疫苗：博茨瓦纳在6岁时接种，毛里求斯在2岁和5岁时接种，南非在5岁时接种。该区域任何国家都未接种破伤风类毒素疫苗（Td*）。所有国家口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）均与DPT疫苗同时作为3剂的基础免疫程序接种。18个国家在出生时接种OPV。45个国家在9月龄接种麻疹疫苗。塞舌尔在15月龄接种麻疹疫苗。这些国家均未接种麻疹 - 腮腺炎 - 风疹联合疫苗（MMR）。该区域任何国家也未单独接种风疹疫苗。7个国家使用乙型肝炎疫苗（博茨瓦纳、加蓬、冈比亚、尼日利亚、南非、乌干达和津巴布韦）。2个国家接种2剂（冈比亚和尼日利亚），4个国家在出生时接种（博茨瓦纳、加蓬、冈比亚和尼日利亚）。31个国家有黄热病风险。然而，仅10个国家接种黄热病疫苗（中非共和国、乍得、科特迪瓦、加蓬、冈比亚、加纳、尼日尔、圣多美和普林西比、塞内加尔和多哥）。6个国家在9月龄接种黄热病疫苗，乍得在6月龄接种，加蓬和圣多美和普林西比在1岁时接种，多哥在10月龄接种。破伤风类毒素（TT）用于孕妇或育龄非孕妇。接种程序包括2至5剂。42个国家采用5剂接种程序。5个国家对学童接种TT（博茨瓦纳、科摩罗、几内亚、莱索托和马达加斯加）。
