Vinatier D, Dufour P, Tordjeman-Rizzi N, Prolongeau J F, Depret-Moser S, Monnier J C
Maternite du Pavillon Olivier, Centre Hospitalo Universitaire de Lille, France.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1995 Dec;63(2):155-68. doi: 10.1016/0301-2115(95)02227-9.
Interaction between the immune system and reproduction is multiple. Either directly or indirectly through their products, immune cells are associated with the regulation of every level of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis. Immune cells are present in the ovaries and their numbers increase during the cycle. During the follicular development cytokines assist granulosa cell growth while inhibiting their differentiation. During the LH peak, an influx of immune cells occurs and several cytokines are released. The rupture of the follicle is considered as an inflammatory reaction. IL-1, TNF-alpha are the main cytokines involved in this process. During the luteal phase, the installation of the corpus luteum needs the setting up of neovascularization. Cytokines are probable candidates for this function, but they also promote cellular differentiation resulting in steroid synthesis. In the absence of pregnancy T lymphocytes and eosinophils are involved in corpus luteum regression. Their products are directly cytotoxic for the luteal cells. They attract macrophages which are locally activated to phagocytose the damaged luteal cells. They can induce apoptosis of endothelial and luteal cells through gene expression. Cytokines are members of a larger regulatory network residing in the ovary and involving hormones and growth factors. The various stages of ovarian cycle will be shown from an immunological point of view. Understanding the role of the cytokines should enable us to go beyond a purely descriptive stage, and allow us to envisage new ovulation induction therapy and treatment in certain cases of premature menopause.
免疫系统与生殖之间的相互作用是多方面的。免疫细胞通过其产物直接或间接地与下丘脑 - 垂体 - 卵巢轴各个层面的调节相关联。免疫细胞存在于卵巢中，并且其数量在月经周期中会增加。在卵泡发育过程中，细胞因子有助于颗粒细胞生长，同时抑制其分化。在促黄体生成素（LH）高峰时，会有免疫细胞涌入并释放多种细胞因子。卵泡破裂被认为是一种炎症反应。白细胞介素 -1（IL -1）、肿瘤坏死因子 -α（TNF -α）是参与此过程的主要细胞因子。在黄体期，黄体的形成需要建立新血管生成。细胞因子可能参与此功能，但它们也促进细胞分化从而导致类固醇合成。在未怀孕的情况下，T淋巴细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞参与黄体退化。它们的产物对黄体细胞具有直接细胞毒性。它们吸引巨噬细胞，巨噬细胞在局部被激活以吞噬受损的黄体细胞。它们可以通过基因表达诱导内皮细胞和黄体细胞凋亡。细胞因子是存在于卵巢中且涉及激素和生长因子的更大调节网络的成员。将从免疫学角度展示卵巢周期的各个阶段。了解细胞因子的作用应能使我们超越单纯的描述阶段，并在某些早发性更年期病例中设想新的排卵诱导疗法和治疗方法。
