Chermack S T, Blow F C, Hill E M, Mudd S A
University of Michigan Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor 48108, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1996 Oct;20(7):1153-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01104.x.
The present study assessed the relationship between current alcohol symptoms and consumption levels in a heterogeneous sample of older adults. The sample consisted of 443 participants over age 55 who reported drinking within the past year, including social drinkers, alcoholics in treatment, and alcoholics not in treatment. Symptoms for the past year were assessed using the Diagnostic interview Schedule (DIS-III-R) alcohol section, and subjects were subsequently assigned to two groups (symptom-free and symptomatic), depending on whether they experienced any DSM-III-R alcohol symptoms in the last year. For both men and women, average daily consumption and the frequency of heavy drinking contributed to whether participants had experienced any alcohol symptoms. The results indicate that the consumption levels of men and women differed only for symptomatic drinkers. The findings support recommendations that consumption limits for older adults should be lower than those recommended in the literature for younger adults. Furthermore, the results suggest that, in addition to limiting average daily consumption to no more than one drink per day, eliminating episodes of heavy drinking (consuming five or more drinks) could further reduce the risk of alcohol-related symptoms for older adults.
本研究评估了老年异质样本中当前酒精症状与饮酒水平之间的关系。样本包括443名55岁以上且在过去一年有饮酒行为的参与者，其中有社交饮酒者、正在接受治疗的酗酒者以及未接受治疗的酗酒者。使用《诊断访谈表》（DIS-III-R）的酒精部分评估过去一年的症状，随后根据受试者在过去一年是否出现任何《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版修订版（DSM-III-R）酒精症状，将其分为两组（无症状组和有症状组）。对于男性和女性而言，平均每日饮酒量和重度饮酒频率都与参与者是否出现任何酒精症状有关。结果表明，仅在有症状饮酒者中，男性和女性的饮酒水平存在差异。这些发现支持了以下建议：老年人的饮酒限量应低于文献中针对年轻人推荐的限量。此外，结果表明，除了将平均每日饮酒量限制在不超过一杯外，消除重度饮酒发作（饮用五杯或更多杯）可以进一步降低老年人出现与酒精相关症状的风险。
