Peroral insertion techniques of self-expanding metal stents for malignant gastric outlet and duodenal stenoses.

Self-expanding metal stents (EMS) have gained widespread popularity for the palliative treatment of various stenoses in blood vessels, biliary ducts, bronchi, and the gastrointestinal tract. Regarding stenoses of the upper gastrointestinal tract, EMS insertion for gastric outlet and duodenal stenoses is considerably more difficult than for esophageal stenoses. We describe a reliable EMS insertion technique for malignant gastric outlet and duodenal stenoses.