Bergstein J M, Hemenway D, Kennedy B, Quaday S, Ander R
Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA.
J Trauma. 1996 Nov;41(5):794-8. doi: 10.1097/00005373-199611000-00005.
To determine the nature and causes of gun violence among urban young people.
We conducted a confidential survey of 1,219 7th and 10th graders in Boston and Milwaukee, regarding their attitudes and behaviors toward violence and handguns.
Twenty-nine percent have had a member of their immediate family shot, 42% could get a gun if they wanted, 28% have handled a gun without adult knowledge or supervision, 17% have carried a concealed gun, and 3% reported bringing a gun to school in the past 30 days. Nine percent admitted smoking cigarettes in the past week, 11% admitted smoking marijuana. Twenty-five percent were attacked or threatened within the past year. Reasons for gun carrying were mostly related to perceived safety/threats/revenge (73%), followed by casual handling (17%), hunting (4%), being cool (3%), target practice (2%), and gangs (1%). The following factors were significantly correlated with gun handling by chi 2 analysis, at p < 0.001 (percentage of respondents admitting unsupervised gun handling shown in parentheses): male (39%) versus female (19%); 10th graders (35%) versus 7th graders (24%) seat-belt nonusers (35%) versus users (20%); students who state they have poor grades (39%) versus good grades (26%); cigarette smokers (61%) versus nonsmokers (25%); have a gun in the home (46%) versus no gun in the home (23%). Also strongly correlated in multivariate analysis were violence exposure, having been arrested, and beliefs that "gun carrying is a good idea," or that "only cowards back down from a fight."
Handgun availability and use are high among urban youth; gun carrying is mostly related to safety concerns and easy access, rather than to hunting or sport. This may be a cause of high handgun injury rates in this group. Gun injury prevention programs must address youth safety concerns along with handgun availability.
确定城市青少年枪支暴力的性质和原因。
我们对波士顿和密尔沃基的1219名七年级和十年级学生进行了一项保密调查，询问他们对暴力和手枪的态度及行为。
29%的人有直系家庭成员中枪；42%的人表示如果想要就能拿到枪；28%的人在没有成年人知晓或监督的情况下接触过枪支；17%的人曾携带隐藏枪支；3%的人报告在过去30天内曾携带枪支上学。9%的人承认过去一周内吸烟，11%的人承认吸食大麻。25%的人在过去一年中遭到袭击或受到威胁。携带枪支的原因大多与感知到的安全/威胁/复仇有关（73%），其次是随意把玩（17%）、打猎（4%）、耍酷（3%）、打靶练习（2%）和帮派（1%）。通过卡方分析，以下因素与接触枪支显著相关，p<0.001（括号内为承认无监督接触枪支的受访者百分比）：男性（39%）与女性（19%）；十年级学生（35%）与七年级学生（24%）；不系安全带者（35%）与系安全带者（20%）；自称成绩差的学生（39%）与成绩好的学生（26%）；吸烟者（61%）与不吸烟者（25%）；家中有枪者（46%）与家中无枪者（23%）。在多变量分析中，暴力暴露、曾被逮捕以及认为“携带枪支是个好主意”或“只有懦夫才会在打架时退缩”也与接触枪支密切相关。
城市青少年中手枪的可得性和使用率很高；携带枪支大多与安全担忧及容易获取有关，而非打猎或娱乐。这可能是该群体手枪伤害率高的一个原因。枪支伤害预防项目必须在解决青少年安全担忧的同时，关注手枪的可得性问题。
