Arciniega L T, Arroyo J A, Miller W R, Tonigan J S
Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131-1161, USA.
J Stud Alcohol. 1996 Nov;57(6):613-8. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1996.57.613.
Ethnic differences in alcohol consumption patterns are often reported in general population surveys, but less is known about variation among ethnic groups presenting for treatment.
Within a larger clinical trial, patterns of drinking, drug use and related problems were compared for Hispanic (n = 102) and non-Hispanic white (n = 104) male (n = 154) and female (n = 52) clients presenting at a public clinic for outpatient treatment of alcohol problems.
Relatively few reliable ethnic differences were observed in alcohol /drug use patterns. Non-Hispanic white men reported significantly more pretreatment tobacco use than did Hispanic men (84.7% vs 61.3% of past 90 days). Hispanic women reported significantly fewer legal problems (28.6% vs 83.9%), symptoms of dependence and negative consequences of drinking relative to non-Hispanic white women. Measures of acculturation and acculturative stress failed to differentiate drinking patterns among Hispanic clients.
Within a treatment-seeking sample, Hispanics and non-Hispanics may be more similar with regard to drinking practices than is the case in the general population. High consumption, adverse consequences and dependence symptoms were characteristic of men presenting for alcohol treatment regardless of ethnic identification. In contrast, Hispanic treatment-seeking women had the lowest consumption, adverse consequences and dependence symptoms of all the groups described, and they reported significantly fewer alcohol-related problems and symptoms than did non-Hispanic women.
在一般人群调查中，经常报告饮酒模式的种族差异，但对于前来接受治疗的种族群体之间的差异了解较少。
在一项更大规模的临床试验中，比较了在一家公共诊所接受酒精问题门诊治疗的西班牙裔（n = 102）和非西班牙裔白人（n = 104）男性（n = 154）及女性（n = 52）患者的饮酒模式、药物使用情况及相关问题。
在酒精/药物使用模式方面，观察到相对较少的可靠种族差异。非西班牙裔白人男性报告的治疗前烟草使用率显著高于西班牙裔男性（过去90天内分别为84.7%和61.3%）。与非西班牙裔白人女性相比，西班牙裔女性报告的法律问题（28.6%对83.9%）、依赖症状及饮酒的负面后果显著较少。文化适应和文化适应压力的测量未能区分西班牙裔患者的饮酒模式。
在寻求治疗的样本中，西班牙裔和非西班牙裔在饮酒习惯方面可能比一般人群更为相似。无论种族身份如何，高饮酒量、不良后果和依赖症状是前来接受酒精治疗的男性的特征。相比之下，寻求治疗的西班牙裔女性在所有描述的群体中饮酒量最低、不良后果和依赖症状最少，且她们报告的与酒精相关的问题和症状比非西班牙裔女性显著更少。
