Farzadegan H, Ford D, Malan M, Masters B, Scheel P J
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Kidney Int. 1996 Nov;50(5):1659-62. doi: 10.1038/ki.1996.482.
Viable and potentially infectious HIV-1 has been recovered from the peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). No information had previously been available as to how long HIV-1 could survive in this environment, and no data were available as to how long HIV-1 could survive on peritoneal dialysis exchange tubing (PDET). Therefore, this study was designed to answer these questions. HIV-1 Mn was added to PDE and allowed to incubate at room temperature for 0 to 14 days. Following centrifugation, the cellular component of the PDE mixture was placed in co-culture with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV negative donors. Aliquots from the co-cultures were removed after 14 days and assayed for the HIV-1-P24 antigen. High levels of HIV P24 antigen were recovered up to and including seven days of room temperature incubation. HIV could not be recovered from PDE that had been incubated at room temperature for 10 to 14 days. Ten milliters of HIV-PDE mixture was placed within PDET and incubated at room temperature for 10 minutes. The solution was then removed by gravity drainage. After drying times of 0 to 168 hours, the tubing was flushed with HIV culture medium and placed in co-culture with PBMCs from HIV negative donors. The culture supernatant was assayed for the HIV-1 P24 antigen as a marker of viral replication. High levels of HIV-1 P24 antigen were recovered from the PDET wash for up to and including 48 hours of drying time. No viable virus could be detected for drying times of between 72 and 168 hours. To determine if common disinfectants found in the dialysis unit could inactivate HIV, dilutions of Amukin 50% and household bleach were prepared at final concentrations ranging from 1:32 to 1:2048. These disinfectant solutions were incubated with PDE containing HIV for 10 minutes. The cellular fraction of the PDE was isolated by centrifugation, washed, and placed in co-cultures with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. HIV P24 antigen levels were assayed every three days for 28 days. Amukin 50% and a 10% household bleach solution were effective in killing HIV in PDE at dilutions up to and including 1:512. These results indicate that HIV can survive in PDE at room temperature for up to seven days. HIV can survive on peritoneal dialysis exchange tubing for up to 48 hours. Final dilutions of 1:512 Amukin 50% and 10% household bleach, after 10 minutes of exposure, are effective viricidal agents in disinfecting PDE.
已从感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的终末期肾病（ESRD）患者的腹膜透析流出液（PDE）中分离出有活力且具有潜在传染性的HIV-1。此前尚无关于HIV-1在该环境中能存活多久的信息，也没有关于HIV-1在腹膜透析交换管（PDET）上能存活多久的数据。因此，本研究旨在回答这些问题。将HIV-1 Mn添加到PDE中，并在室温下孵育0至14天。离心后，将PDE混合物的细胞成分与HIV阴性供体的外周血单核细胞（PBMC）进行共培养。共培养14天后取出等分试样，检测HIV-1-P24抗原。在室温孵育长达7天（包括7天）的时间内，均可检测到高水平的HIV P24抗原。在室温下孵育10至14天的PDE中未检测到HIV。将10毫升HIV-PDE混合物置于PDET中，在室温下孵育10分钟。然后通过重力引流去除溶液。在干燥0至168小时后，用HIV培养基冲洗该管，并与HIV阴性供体的PBMC进行共培养。检测培养上清液中的HIV-1 P24抗原，作为病毒复制的标志物。在干燥长达48小时（包括48小时）的时间内，从PDET冲洗液中均可检测到高水平的HIV-1 P24抗原。在干燥72至168小时之间未检测到有活力的病毒。为了确定透析单元中常见的消毒剂是否能使HIV失活，制备了终浓度范围为1:32至1:2048的50% Amukin和家用漂白剂稀释液。将这些消毒剂溶液与含有HIV的PDE孵育10分钟。通过离心分离PDE的细胞部分，洗涤后与外周血单核细胞进行共培养。在28天内每三天检测一次HIV P24抗原水平。50% Amukin和10%家用漂白剂溶液在稀释至1:512（包括1:512）时可有效杀灭PDE中的HIV。这些结果表明，HIV在室温下可在PDE中存活长达7天。HIV可在腹膜透析交换管上存活长达48小时。50% Amukin和10%家用漂白剂在终稀释度为1:512且暴露10分钟后，是消毒PDE的有效杀病毒剂。
