Mela D J, Aaron J I, Gatenby S J
Consumer Sciences Department, Institute of Food Research, Reading, UK.
Physiol Behav. 1996 Nov;60(5):1331-5. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9384(96)00241-7.
A large part of domestic food intake may be determined by retail food purchase behavior, and it is commonly believed that this may be significantly influenced by the shopper's state of food deprivation. In the present study, 198 subjects recruited just prior to shopping at a large supermarket completed questionnaires eliciting information on demographic and situational variables, along with measures of time since last eating (TSLE), hunger, and dietary restraint. Upon leaving the store, subjects provided investigators with itemized receipts, having first identified all "unintended" purchases. There were no consistent main effects of TSLE, self-reported hunger, dietary restraint scores, or relative body weight on the number or cost of total, intended, and unintended food and nonfood purchases. However, there were significant interactions of weight status and measures of food deprivation upon measures of food purchasing. Although normal-weight subjects tended to increase their food purchases with food deprivation, the number and cost of food items fell markedly with extended food deprivation among overweight subjects. These effects were largely specific to food (i.e., generally not observed for nonfood purchases), but showed no consistent associations with unintended purchases or with particular foods or food groups. Higher dietary restraint and relative body weight were associated with lower reported hunger ratings, but not differences in mean TSLE, or other subject characteristics. These results run directly counter to common beliefs and recommendations for weight control and dieting, but support earlier work indicating that the food purchasing behaviors of normal-weight and overweight individuals are differently affected by food deprivation.
国内食物摄入量的很大一部分可能由零售食品购买行为决定，人们普遍认为这可能会受到购物者食物匮乏状态的显著影响。在本研究中，198名在一家大型超市购物前招募的受试者完成了问卷调查，这些问卷收集了有关人口统计学和情境变量的信息，以及自上次进食以来的时间（TSLE）、饥饿程度和饮食节制程度的测量数据。离开商店时，受试者首先识别出所有“非计划”购买的商品，然后向研究人员提供了详细的收据。TSLE、自我报告的饥饿程度、饮食节制得分或相对体重对食品和非食品的总购买量、计划购买量和非计划购买量的数量或成本均无一致的主效应。然而，体重状况与食物匮乏测量指标在食品购买测量指标上存在显著交互作用。尽管正常体重的受试者往往会随着食物匮乏程度的增加而增加食品购买量，但超重受试者的食品数量和成本会随着食物匮乏时间的延长而显著下降。这些影响在很大程度上仅限于食品（即非食品购买一般未观察到这种情况），但与非计划购买量或特定食品或食品类别没有一致的关联。较高的饮食节制和相对体重与较低的饥饿评分相关，但与平均TSLE或其他受试者特征的差异无关。这些结果与关于体重控制和节食的普遍观念及建议直接相反，但支持了早期的研究工作，表明正常体重和超重个体的食品购买行为受食物匮乏的影响不同。
