Shiffman S, Hickcox M, Paty J A, Gnys M, Kassel J D, Richards T J
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA. SHIFFMAN+@PITT.EDU
J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996 Oct;64(5):993-1002. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.64.5.993.
Determinants of progression from an initial smoking lapse to relapse, using prospective data from 133 participants were examined. Participants used palm-top computers to record their first lapse, and their reaction to it, within minutes of the event, and were followed for 3 months to assess subsequent smoking. Indicators of the Abstinence Violation Effect--self-efficacy, attributions, and affective reactions to the lapse--generally failed to predict progression to relapse, but participants who felt like giving up after the first lapse progressed more rapidly to a second lapse. Participants who attempted restorative coping were less likely to progress to another lapse on the same day. Those whose lapses were triggered by stress progressed more quickly, whereas those triggered by eating and drinking or accompanied by alcohol consumption progressed more slowly. More nicotine-dependent participants progressed more rapidly toward relapse, but neither the amount smoked in the first lapse nor its subjective reinforcement predicted progression.
利用133名参与者的前瞻性数据，对从首次吸烟失误到复吸过程的决定因素进行了研究。参与者在事件发生后的几分钟内，使用掌上电脑记录他们的首次失误及其对此的反应，并随访3个月以评估后续的吸烟情况。戒断违反效应的指标——自我效能感、归因以及对失误的情感反应——通常无法预测是否会进展到复吸，但在首次失误后就想放弃的参与者会更快地进展到第二次失误。尝试恢复性应对的参与者在同一天内进展到另一次失误的可能性较小。那些因压力引发失误的人进展更快，而那些因饮食或伴有饮酒引发失误的人进展较慢。尼古丁依赖程度更高的参与者向复吸进展得更快，但首次失误时的吸烟量及其主观强化作用均无法预测进展情况。
