Complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Esophagitis, acid laryngitis, and beyond.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common disorder that can result in various esophageal and extraesophageal complications. Reflux of gastric contents can cause esophageal mucosal abnormalities, such as ulcers and peptic strictures, as well as pulmonary and otolaryngologic symptoms, including reflux-induced asthma and acid laryngitis. Left untreated, some complications can lead to more severe disorders, such as esophageal adenocarcinoma that develops in patients with Barrett's esophagus. Accurate recognition of these diverse manifestations allows improved identification of patients at risk for reflux-related disorders and aids in proper evaluation and treatment.