Jaffe A B
Department of Economics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254-9110, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Nov 12;93(23):12658-63. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.23.12658.
This paper is a review of recent trends in United States expenditures on research and development (R&D). Real expenditures by both the government and the private sector increased rapidly between the mid-1970s and the mid-1980s, and have since leveled off. This is true of both overall expenditures and expenditures on basic research, as well as funding of academic research. Preliminary estimates indicate that about $170 billion was spent on R&D in the United States in 1995, with approximately 60% of that funding coming from the private sector and about 35% from the federal government. In comparison to other countries, we have historically spent more on R&D relative to our economy than other advanced economies, but this advantage appears to be disappearing. If defense-related R&D is excluded, our expenditures relative to the size of the economy are considerably smaller than those of other similar economies.
本文回顾了美国研发支出的近期趋势。20世纪70年代中期至80年代中期，政府和私营部门的实际支出均迅速增长，此后趋于平稳。总体支出、基础研究支出以及学术研究资金均是如此。初步估计表明，1995年美国在研发上的支出约为1700亿美元，其中约60%的资金来自私营部门，约35%来自联邦政府。与其他国家相比，相对于我们的经济规模，我们在研发上的历史支出一直高于其他发达经济体，但这种优势似乎正在消失。如果排除与国防相关的研发支出，我们相对于经济规模的支出比其他类似经济体要小得多。
