Paweska J T, Aitchison H, Chirnside E D, Barnard B J
Department of Virology, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, South Africa.
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1996 Sep;63(3):189-96.
Lateral and sexual transmission of EAV among horses and lateral transmission between donkeys and horses were attempted by experimental infection with the South African asinine strain. Clinical, immunological and virological responses were evaluated. All intramuscularly inoculated horses developed very mild clinical signs, were viraemic, shed virus from nasopharynx, and seroconverted. Lateral infection was demonstrated in one in-contact mare. Reinfection of two stallions by intranasal instillation was shown by virus recovery from buffy-coat cultures. After nasal instillation of virus, one stallion which did not become infected by in-contact exposure, showed slight serous nasal and ocular discharge, contained virus in a blood and nasopharynx and seroconverted. Attempts to transmit the virus from seropositive stallions to seronegative mares by breeding, were not successful; no virus was isolated from semen. All inoculated donkeys and three in-contact horses showed clinical signs consistent with an EAV infection. Although virus was isolated from donkey buffy-coat preparations and the nasopharynx, and they seroconverted, no virus was isolated from the horses, and they failed to seroconvert; it was assumed that their clinical signs were due to factors unrelated to EAV. The South African strain of EAV appears to be poorly transmissible to horses, supporting the findings of other field studies which indicate a widespread distribution and long-standing presence of the virus among South African donkeys, but a very restricted prevalence of seropositive horses.
通过用南非驴毒株进行实验性感染，尝试研究马动脉炎病毒（EAV）在马之间的横向传播和性传播，以及驴和马之间的横向传播。对临床、免疫学和病毒学反应进行了评估。所有经肌肉接种的马都出现了非常轻微的临床症状，出现病毒血症，从鼻咽部排出病毒，并发生血清转化。在一匹接触感染的母马中证实了横向感染。通过从血沉棕黄层培养物中回收病毒，显示两匹种马经鼻内滴注再次感染。鼻内滴注病毒后，一匹未因接触感染的种马出现轻微浆液性鼻液和眼分泌物，血液和鼻咽部含有病毒，并发生血清转化。试图通过配种将病毒从血清阳性的种马传播给血清阴性的母马，但未成功；精液中未分离到病毒。所有接种的驴和三匹接触感染的马都表现出与EAV感染一致的临床症状。虽然从驴的血沉棕黄层制剂和鼻咽部分离到了病毒，且它们发生了血清转化，但马中未分离到病毒，也未发生血清转化；推测它们的临床症状是由与EAV无关的因素引起的。EAV的南非毒株似乎很难传播给马，这支持了其他现场研究的结果，这些研究表明该病毒在南非驴中广泛分布且长期存在，但血清阳性马的流行率非常有限。
