Jezová D, Juránková E, Mosnárová A, Kriska M, Skultétyová I
Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 1996;56(3):779-85. doi: 10.55782/ane-1996-1183.
Neuroendocrine activation belongs to the main characteristics of the stress response. This response is not uniform but depends on the stress stimulus involved and on many other factors including the gender of the individual. In rats, corticosterone and ACTH levels as well as functional activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis are higher in females compared to males under both basal and stress conditions. Marked sex differences were observed in stress-induced changes posterior pituitary hormone release. In male rats, release of vasopressin is not stimulated during stress conditions without an osmotic component while in female rats a rise in plasma vasopressin levels was observed even after short immobilization. Oxytocin release is enhanced in response to the majority of stress stimuli and it was found to be greater in females than in males. Mentioned gender differences are attributed to the effect of sex steroids, particularly those of estrogens. Not enough information is available on gender differences in the neuroendocrine response during stress in humans. We observed a greater neuroendocrine activation in women than in men in response to heat exposure in sauna with pronounced differences in ACTH and prolactin release and partly also after a cold-pressor test. Understanding of gender differences in neuroendocrine response during stress might contribute to the explanation of the development of some emotional and other disorders with higher incidence in women.
神经内分泌激活是应激反应的主要特征之一。这种反应并非一成不变，而是取决于所涉及的应激刺激以及许多其他因素，包括个体的性别。在大鼠中，无论是在基础状态还是应激状态下，雌性大鼠的皮质酮和促肾上腺皮质激素水平以及下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺皮质轴的功能活性均高于雄性大鼠。在应激诱导的垂体后叶激素释放变化中观察到明显的性别差异。在雄性大鼠中，在没有渗透成分的应激条件下，血管加压素的释放不会受到刺激，而在雌性大鼠中，即使在短暂固定后也观察到血浆血管加压素水平升高。大多数应激刺激都会增强催产素的释放，并且发现雌性大鼠的催产素释放量大于雄性大鼠。上述性别差异归因于性类固醇的作用，尤其是雌激素的作用。关于人类应激期间神经内分泌反应的性别差异，目前可用信息不足。我们观察到，在桑拿浴热暴露后，女性的神经内分泌激活程度高于男性，促肾上腺皮质激素和催乳素的释放存在明显差异，在冷加压试验后部分情况也是如此。了解应激期间神经内分泌反应的性别差异可能有助于解释某些在女性中发病率较高的情绪和其他障碍的发生发展。
