Slater P E, Roitman M, Leventhal A, Anis E
Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel.
Public Health Rev. 1996;24(2):183-92.
Despite a high-compliance school girl rubella immunization program since 1973 and a program for the immunization of women of childbearing age since 1980, sporadic cases of the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) continue to occur in Israel, particularly following rubella epidemics. At highest risk for a child with CRS are unimmunized Arab women and immigrants from Ethiopia, although CRS has also occurred in infants of immunized non-immigrant women. In order to make progress towards the elimination of congenital rubella, the Israel Ministry of Health has incorporated into its rubella immunization program the intermediate goal of interrupting endemic rubella transmission in the country. To this end, universal rubella vaccination at age one began in 1989, a second dose at age six years was introduced in 1994, inclusion of boys in the program aimed at 12-year-olds began in late 1995, and catch-up campaigns to immunize never-immunized children, boys and girls, are planned. Moreover, women of childbearing age will be encouraged to receive a second dose of rubella vaccine. While the WHO goal of no indigenous CRS by the year 2000 will not be met, it is expected that in the coming decade substantial additional progress towards the elimination of CRS will be made.
尽管自1973年起实施了针对在校女生的高接种率风疹免疫计划，且自1980年起实施了育龄妇女免疫计划，但以色列仍时有先天性风疹综合征（CRS）散发病例出现，尤其是在风疹流行之后。CRS患儿面临最高风险的是未接种疫苗的阿拉伯妇女和来自埃塞俄比亚的移民，不过CRS也在已接种疫苗的非移民妇女所生婴儿中出现过。为在消除先天性风疹方面取得进展，以色列卫生部已将在该国阻断风疹地方性传播这一中期目标纳入其风疹免疫计划。为此，1989年开始对一岁儿童进行普遍风疹疫苗接种，1994年引入六岁时的第二剂疫苗接种，1995年末开始将针对12岁儿童的计划扩大至男孩，并且计划开展补种活动，为从未接种过疫苗的儿童（男孩和女孩）进行免疫接种。此外，将鼓励育龄妇女接种第二剂风疹疫苗。虽然无法实现世界卫生组织在2000年消除本土CRS的目标，但预计在未来十年朝着消除CRS方向将取得更多重大进展。
