Jensen P S, Martin D, Watanabe H
Child and Adolescent Disorders Research Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, MD 20857, USA.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996 Apr;35(4):433-41. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00009.
Commonly held attitudes concerning the effects of parental wartime deployment on children have usually been guided by stereotype, rather than scientific data. To determine the effects of Operation Desert Storm on military children and their parents, the authors compared children and families with and without a deployed soldier-parent prior to and during Operation Desert Storm.
Three hundred eighty-three children and the remaining caretaking parent completed self- and parent-report instruments concerning child and family functioning and life stressors. Children of deployed and nondeployed personnel were compared cross-sectionally, as well as longitudinally, using data collected prior to any knowledge of Operation Desert Storm.
Children of deployed personnel experienced elevated self-reported symptom levels of depression, as did their parents. Likewise, families of deployed personnel reported significantly more intervening stressors, compared with children and families of nondeployed personnel. However, deployment per se rarely provoked pathological levels of symptoms in otherwise healthy children.
Generally, the factors shaping differential outcomes among children of deployed personnel do not differ from the variables affecting outcomes of children of nondeployed parents. However, boys and younger children appear to be especially vulnerable to deployment effects, and increased monitoring of these children is warranted. Adequate treatment of children requires treatment of the effects of the deployment on other family members. For children showing more persistent or pervasive psychopathology, factors other than simple deployment should be considered.
人们对父母战时部署对子女影响的普遍看法通常受刻板印象而非科学数据的引导。为了确定“沙漠风暴行动”对军人子女及其父母的影响，作者对“沙漠风暴行动”之前和期间有或没有被部署的军人父母的儿童及其家庭进行了比较。
383名儿童和其余照顾孩子的家长完成了关于儿童及家庭功能和生活压力源的自评及家长报告工具。利用在了解“沙漠风暴行动”之前收集的数据，对被部署人员和未被部署人员的子女进行了横断面和纵向比较。
被部署人员的子女报告的抑郁症状水平有所升高，他们的父母也是如此。同样，与未被部署人员的子女及其家庭相比，被部署人员的家庭报告的干预性压力源明显更多。然而，部署本身很少在原本健康的儿童中引发病理性症状水平。
一般来说，影响被部署人员子女不同结果的因素与影响未被部署父母子女结果的变量并无不同。然而，男孩和年幼的孩子似乎特别容易受到部署影响，因此有必要加强对这些孩子的监测。对儿童的充分治疗需要治疗部署对其他家庭成员的影响。对于表现出更持久或更普遍精神病理学症状的儿童，应考虑除单纯部署之外的其他因素。
