Mineau P, Collins B T, Baril A
National Wildlife Research Centre, Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, Hull, Québec, Canada.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1996 Aug;24(1 Pt 1):24-9. doi: 10.1006/rtph.1996.0061.
In avian toxicology, it is customary to extrapolate between species on the basis of acute toxicity measurements expressed in mg/kg body weight. Recently, it has been suggested that extrapolations should be on the basis of weight raised to the 0.6-0.7 power because there is good empirical evidence that, for mammals, this produces the best agreement between species. We used an avian LD50 database to derive empirically the appropriate scaling factor for birds. With a subset of 37 pesticides of varying structures but heavily weighted to cholinesterase inhibitors, we found that the appropriate scaling factor in birds is usually higher than 1 and can be as high as 1.55. Extrapolations on the basis of weight alone or, worse, the use of inappropriate mammalian scaling factors could lead to serious underprotection of small-bodied bird species modeled in the course of risk assessment procedures.
在鸟类毒理学中，习惯上是根据以毫克/千克体重表示的急性毒性测量值在不同物种间进行推断。最近，有人提出推断应以体重的0.6至0.7次幂为基础，因为有充分的经验证据表明，对于哺乳动物来说，这样能在不同物种间产生最佳的一致性。我们使用一个鸟类半数致死剂量（LD50）数据库，通过经验得出鸟类的合适缩放因子。在一组包含37种结构各异但以胆碱酯酶抑制剂为主的农药中，我们发现鸟类的合适缩放因子通常高于1，最高可达1.55。仅基于体重进行推断，或者更糟糕的是，使用不恰当的哺乳动物缩放因子，可能会导致在风险评估过程中对小型鸟类物种的严重保护不足。
