Weissman M M, Bland R C, Canino G J, Greenwald S, Lee C K, Newman S C, Rubio-Stipec M, Wickramaratne P J
Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1996 Jun;11 Suppl 3:9-14. doi: 10.1097/00004850-199606003-00003.
We present a preliminary report on cross-national rates, age at onset, comorbidity, suicide attempts and symptom profiles of social phobia. These data are based on epidemiologic community surveys using similar methods from the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico and Korea. The lifetime rate of social phobia (cases per 100 persons) varies by country, from 2.6 in the United States to 0.5 in Korea. Rates are higher in females than in males in all countries. The age of onset for any phobia is mid-teens to early twenties, and social phobia usually has its first onset before other psychiatric disorders. Only a third or fewer cases of social phobia are uncomplicated by another psychiatric disorder. The presence of social phobia increases the risk of suicide attempts in persons with any other psychiatric disorder. Symptom profiles vary by country. Our data indicate consistent patterns but different cultural expressions of social phobia in the countries studied. The early age of onset of social phobia followed subsequently by another psychiatric disorder raises the possibility that early treatment of social phobia could prevent the onset of other psychiatric disorders.
我们提供一份关于社交恐惧症的跨国发病率、发病年龄、共病情况、自杀未遂及症状特征的初步报告。这些数据基于美国、加拿大、波多黎各和韩国采用相似方法开展的流行病学社区调查。社交恐惧症的终生发病率（每100人中的病例数）因国家而异，在美国为2.6，在韩国为0.5。在所有国家，女性的发病率均高于男性。任何恐惧症的发病年龄为青少年中期至二十岁出头，社交恐惧症通常比其他精神障碍更早首次发病。只有三分之一或更少的社交恐惧症病例未合并其他精神障碍。社交恐惧症的存在会增加患有任何其他精神障碍者自杀未遂的风险。症状特征因国家而异。我们的数据表明，在所研究的国家中，社交恐惧症存在一致的模式，但有不同的文化表现形式。社交恐惧症发病较早，随后又出现另一种精神障碍，这增加了早期治疗社交恐惧症可预防其他精神障碍发病的可能性。
