Tully T N, Shane S M
Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, 70803-8414, USA.
Rev Sci Tech. 1996 Mar;15(1):73-89. doi: 10.20506/rst.15.1.916.
Over the past decade, there has been a world-wide increase in the number of farm-raised ratites. The focus of ostrich production remains in South Africa, but other countries are initiating production of this bird in addition to the emu and rhea. Ostriches, emus and rheas are being produced commercially outside their native habitat, resulting in new and unique disease presentations. The authors describe bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases which are emerging in production settings. Biosecurity, together with adequate management and nutrition, will reduce the likelihood of flock exposure and limit mortality in the event of infection. The problem currently facing the industry is that most ratite facilities do not incorporate separate quarantine areas. Newly-introduced birds may contaminate soil and facilities with pathogens such as Mycobacterium spp. and Salmonella spp. Ratites have excellent production potential if producers can profitably multiply and rear healthy stock. The authors discuss the currently-known diseases which may affect the viability of an intensive production facility.
在过去十年中，全球范围内养殖的平胸鸟数量有所增加。鸵鸟养殖的重点仍在南非，但除了鸸鹋和美洲鸵之外，其他国家也开始养殖这种鸟类。鸵鸟、鸸鹋和美洲鸵在其原生栖息地之外进行商业化养殖，导致出现了新的、独特的疾病表现形式。作者描述了在养殖环境中出现的细菌、病毒和寄生虫疾病。生物安全措施，连同适当的管理和营养，将降低禽群接触疾病的可能性，并在感染发生时限制死亡率。该行业目前面临的问题是，大多数平胸鸟养殖设施没有单独的隔离区。新引进的鸟类可能会用诸如分枝杆菌属和沙门氏菌属等病原体污染土壤和设施。如果生产者能够盈利地繁殖和饲养健康的种群，平胸鸟具有出色的生产潜力。作者讨论了目前已知的可能影响集约化养殖设施生存能力的疾病。
