Rodhain F
Unité d'Ecologie des systèmes vectoriels, Insitut Pasteur, Paris.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 1996;89(2):87-90.
The situation of dengue in the world can be summarized as follows: 2,5 billions persons at risk, 60 millions cases per year, and 30 000 deaths per year. The four dengue serotypes, DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4 are nearly human-specific. Clinical symptoms of dengue vary from unapparent infection, mild febrile manifestations to hemorrhagic forms with or without shock syndrome. Dengue viruses are transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, the most important vectors being Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The epidemiology of the disease can be divided into endemo-epidemic situations occurring in South-East Asia, and epidemic situations found in Pacific islands, Africa and Tropical America. Maintenance of dengue is supported by an increasing demography, uncontrolled urbanization and climatic conditions favorable to the vectors. Spread of dengue is primarily caused by modern transportation means, especially the aircraft. The geographical distribution of dengue is pantropical, except for Madagascar and some african regions. Because no vaccine and no specific treatment actually exist against dengue viruses, mosquito control is the only way to reduce the incidence of dengue around the world. However, the evolution of the dengue situation is not satisfactory.
25亿人面临风险，每年有6000万病例，每年有3万例死亡。四种登革热血清型，即DEN-1、DEN-2、DEN-3和DEN-4几乎仅感染人类。登革热的临床症状从无症状感染、轻度发热表现到伴有或不伴有休克综合征的出血形式不等。登革热病毒由伊蚊传播，最重要的病媒是埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊。该疾病的流行病学可分为东南亚地区出现的地方性流行情况，以及太平洋岛屿、非洲和热带美洲出现的流行情况。人口增长、不受控制的城市化以及有利于病媒生存的气候条件助长了登革热的持续存在。登革热的传播主要是由现代交通方式，尤其是飞机造成的。除马达加斯加和非洲一些地区外，登革热的地理分布呈泛热带。由于目前尚无针对登革热病毒的疫苗和特效治疗方法，控制蚊虫是降低全球登革热发病率的唯一途径。然而，登革热情况的发展并不令人满意。
