Crawley H F, While D
Statistics, Operational Research and Probability Methods Research Group, University of North London, UK.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1995 Dec;49(12):904-14.
To examine the influence of teenage smoking habits on nutrient intake, food choice and body size.
Data was collected cross-sectionally: smoking habits were evaluated by questionnaire; heights and weights were measured and dietary intakes were quantitatively assessed via 4-day unweighed dietary diaries.
The subjects studied (n = 3430) were participants in the 1970 Longitudinal Birth Cohort, and were nationally distributed throughout Britain.
Male and female smokers consumed significantly (P < 0.005) more alcohol and less fibre, thiamin and vitamin C than occasional or never smokers. Male smokers also consumed significantly more fat when expressed as a percentage of energy intake, and significantly less non-milk extrinsic sugar (P < 0.01) and iron (P < 0.005) than occasional or never smokers. Regular and occasional female smokers consumed significantly (P < 0.005) less protein and calcium than never smokers, and regular smokers also reported lower intakes of zinc, selenium, riboflavin, carotene and folates (P < 0.005) and iodine (P < 0.01) than never or occasional smokers. Both male and female smokers were less likely to be consumers of puddings, biscuits and wholemeal bread, but were more likely (P < 0.005) to consume alcoholic beverages and coffee. Intakes of chips, alcoholic beverages and coffee were significantly (P < 0.005) higher among smokers and intakes of puddings, fruit, fruit juices and breakfast cereals lower. Regular female smokers also consumed significantly (P < 0.005) fewer vegetables. Smoking habit did not appear to be related to body size in this cohort.
The diets of teenage smokers, particularly teenage girls, appear to be significantly different to those of non-smokers, but smoking was not related to body size. Lower intakes of antioxidant nutrients, fruits, vegetables and cereals by teenage smokers are of particular concern.
研究青少年吸烟习惯对营养摄入、食物选择和体型的影响。
采用横断面收集数据：通过问卷调查评估吸烟习惯；测量身高和体重，并通过4天非称重饮食日记定量评估饮食摄入量。
研究对象（n = 3430）为1970年纵向出生队列的参与者，在英国全国范围内分布。
与偶尔吸烟或从不吸烟的人相比，男性和女性吸烟者摄入的酒精显著更多（P < 0.005），而纤维、硫胺素和维生素C的摄入量显著更少。以能量摄入的百分比表示时，男性吸烟者摄入的脂肪也显著更多，非乳类外源性糖（P < 0.01）和铁（P < 0.005）的摄入量显著低于偶尔吸烟或从不吸烟的人。经常吸烟和偶尔吸烟的女性摄入的蛋白质和钙显著少于从不吸烟的女性（P < 0.005），经常吸烟的女性报告的锌、硒、核黄素、胡萝卜素、叶酸（P < 0.005）和碘（P < 0.01）的摄入量也低于从不吸烟或偶尔吸烟的人。男性和女性吸烟者食用布丁、饼干和全麦面包的可能性较小，但饮用酒精饮料和咖啡的可能性较大（P < 0.005）。吸烟者的薯片、酒精饮料和咖啡摄入量显著更高（P < 0.005），而布丁、水果、果汁和早餐谷物的摄入量更低。经常吸烟的女性摄入的蔬菜也显著更少（P < 0.005）。在这个队列中，吸烟习惯似乎与体型无关。
青少年吸烟者，尤其是青少年女孩的饮食似乎与非吸烟者有显著差异，但吸烟与体型无关。青少年吸烟者抗氧化营养素、水果、蔬菜和谷物摄入量较低尤其令人担忧。
