Williams D H, Lakomy H K, Williams C
Department of Physical Education, Sports Science and Recreation Management, Loughborough University, UK.
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1996;72(5-6):528-36. doi: 10.1007/BF00242286.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of submaximal training of increasing intensity on the rate of fatigue and on the anthropometry of the quadriceps muscle. A group of 24 middle-aged male subjects trained three times a week for 12 weeks at incremental exercise intensities which elicited 66%-83% of the maximal heart rate reserve; 11 male subjects acted as controls. A purpose-built, isometric chair with an adjustable force transducer ensured a standard posture for each subject during a 20 s maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). The muscle plus bone mass of the thigh was calculated from a previously validated anthropometric method reinforced by measurements derived from water displacement and ultrasonics. Training-induced submaximal relationships were assessed by means of two ergometer tests of progressive intensity. Following training, the subjects' blood lactate concentrations had decreased from 5.5 (SD 1.7) to 3.9 (SD 1.4) mmol.1(-1) (P < 0.01) at the final exercise intensities. They increased thigh volumes from 10.7 (SD 1.7) to 11.0 (SD 1.7) 1 (P < 0.05) and thigh forces in 47.5% (P < 0.05) of the measurements. Heart rates and rates of perceived exertion were reduced (P < 0.01) following training; for the controls, all the above parameters remained constant. These results would seem to indicate that a submaximal type of training could enable a group of middle-aged men to increase the isometric forces of the thigh muscles by almost 50% when completing a MVC test following training. This suggests that this is a more suitable, safer form of maintaining and increasing maximal thigh forces for this, and older, age groups than specific isometric training alone.
本研究的目的是调查强度递增的次最大训练对疲劳率和股四头肌人体测量学指标的影响。一组24名中年男性受试者每周训练三次，持续12周，运动强度逐渐增加，达到最大心率储备的66%-83%；11名男性受试者作为对照组。一个带有可调节力传感器的特制等长椅可确保每个受试者在20秒最大自主收缩（MVC）期间保持标准姿势。大腿的肌肉加骨质量通过一种先前验证过的人体测量方法计算得出，并结合了水位移和超声波测量结果进行强化。通过两次递增强度的测力计测试来评估训练引起的次最大关系。训练后，在最终运动强度下，受试者的血乳酸浓度从5.5（标准差1.7）降至3.9（标准差1.4）mmol·L⁻¹（P<0.01）。他们使大腿体积从10.7（标准差1.7）增加到11.0（标准差1.7）升（P<0.05），并且在47.5%的测量中大腿力量增加（P<0.05）。训练后心率和自觉用力率降低（P<0.01）；对于对照组，上述所有参数保持不变。这些结果似乎表明，次最大类型的训练能够使一组中年男性在训练后进行MVC测试时，大腿肌肉的等长力量增加近50%。这表明，对于这个年龄组以及更年长的年龄组来说，与单独进行特定的等长训练相比，这是一种更合适、更安全的维持和增加大腿最大力量的方式。
