Hubal E A, Fedkiw P S, Kimbell J S
Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996 Apr;80(4):1415-27. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1996.80.4.1415.
Mass transport (the movement of a chemical species) plays an important role in determining toxic responses of the upper respiratory tract (URT) to inhaled chemicals. Mathematical dosimetry models incorporate physical characteristics of mass transport and are used to predict quantitative uptake (absorption rate) and distribution of inhaled gases and vapors in the respiratory tract. Because knowledge of dose is an essential component of quantitative risk assessment, dosimetry modeling plays an important role in extrapolation of animal study results to humans. A survey of existing mathematical dosimetry models for the URT is presented, limitations of current models are discussed, and adaptations of existing models to produce a generally applicable model are suggested. Reviewed URT dosimetry models are categorized as early, lumped-parameter, and distributed- parameter models. Specific examples of other relevant modeling work are also presented.
物质传输（化学物质的移动）在确定上呼吸道（URT）对吸入化学物质的毒性反应中起着重要作用。数学剂量学模型纳入了物质传输的物理特性，用于预测呼吸道中吸入气体和蒸气的定量摄取（吸收率）和分布。由于剂量知识是定量风险评估的重要组成部分，剂量学建模在将动物研究结果外推至人类方面发挥着重要作用。本文介绍了现有的上呼吸道数学剂量学模型，讨论了当前模型的局限性，并提出了对现有模型进行调整以生成通用模型的建议。所审查的上呼吸道剂量学模型分为早期模型、集总参数模型和分布参数模型。还介绍了其他相关建模工作的具体示例。
